Comprehensive two-dimensional gas

C. J. Venkati amani, J. Xu and J. B. Phillips, Sepai ation orthogonality in temperature-programmed comprehensive two-dimensional gas cliromatography . Anal. Chem. 68 1486-1492(1996). 

G. S. Frysinger, R. B. Gaines and E. B. Ledford-Jr, Quantitative determination of BTEX and total aromatic compounds in gasoline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC X GC) , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 195-200 (1999). 

R. B. Gaines, G. S. Fiysinger, M. S. Hendrick-Smith and J. D. Stuart, Oil spill source identification using comprehensive two-dimensional gas cliromatography . Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 2106-12 (1999). 

Z. Liu, S. R. Siiimanne, D. G. Patterson, L. L. Needham and J. B. Phillips, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas cliromatogi aphy for the fast sepai ation and determination of pesticides from human seram . Arm/. Chem. 66 3086-3092. (1994)... 

When John Phillips, in 1991, presented the practical possibility of acquiring a real comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic separation (33), the analytical chemists in the oil industry were quick to pounce upon this technique. Venkatramani and Phillips (34) subsequently indicated that GC X GC is a very powerful technique, which offers a very high peak capacity, and is therefore eminently suitable for analysing complex oil samples. These authors were able to count over 10 000 peaks in a GC X GC chromatogram of a kerosine. Blomberg, Beens and co-workers... 

J. Blomberg, P. J. Schoenmakers, J. Beens and R. Tijssen, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas clii omatography (GC X GC), and its applicability to the characterization of complex (petrochemical) mixtures , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 20 539-544 (1997). 

J. B. Phillips and J. Beens, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography a hyphenated method with strong coupling between the two dimensions , J. Chromatogr. 856 331-347 (1999). 

Although comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has not been applied to any great extent in forensic analysis, the technique shows great promise when samples or sample matrices are complex. For example, when oil is spilled into waterways, assigning responsibility for the economic and environmental damage is often difficult. Gaines et al. employed comprehensive two-dimensional GC in the forensic analysis of samples collected at oil-spill sites and were able to obtain results which were comparable to those obtained by classical methods (39). This article also... 

Figure 15.13 Comprehensive two-dimensional GC chromatogram of a supercritical fluid exti act of spiked human semm. Peak identification is as follows 1, dicamha 2, tiifluralin 3, dicliloran 4, phorate 5, pentachlorophenol 6, atrazine 7, fonofos 8, diazinon 9, cWorothalonil 10, terhufos 11, alachlor 12, matalaxyl 13, malathion 14, metalochlor 15, DCPA 16, captan 17, folpet 18, heptadecanoic acid. Adapted imm Analytical Chemistry, 66, Z. Liu et al., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the fast separation and determination of pesticides exuacted from human senim , pp. 3086-3092, copyright 1994, with pemiission from the American Chemical Society.

G. S. Frysinger and R. B. Gaines, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatogr aphy with mass spectrometric detection, (GC X GC/MS) applied to the analysis of petr oleum , /. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 251 -255 (1999). 

R. B. Gaines, E. B. Ledford-Jr and J. D. Stuait, Analysis of water samples for ti ace levels of oxygenated and aromatic compounds using headspace solid-phase microexti action and comprehensive two-dimensional gas clnomatography , ]. Microcolumn Sep. 10 597-604(1998). 

Sinha, A.E., Hope, J.L., Prazen, B.J., Fraga, C.G., Nilsson, E.J., Synovec, R.E. (2004a). Multivariate selectivity as a metric for evaluating comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-fhght mass spectrometry subjected to chemometric peak deconvolution. J. Chromatogr. A 1056, 145-154. 

Davis, J.M. (2004). Assessment by Monte Carlo simulation of thermodynamic correlation of retention times in dual-column temperature programmed comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J. Sep. Sci. 27, 417. 

Bordajandi, L.R., Korytar, P., De Boer, J., Gonzalez, M.J. (2005). Enantiomeric separation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls on P-cyclodextrin capillary columns by means of heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography applications to food samples. J. Sep. Sci. 28, 163-171. 

Focant JF, Reiner E, MacPerson K, Kolic T, Sjodin A, Patterson DG, Reese SL, Dorman FL, Cochran J Measurement of PCDDs, PCDFs, and non-ortho-PCBs by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x CG-IDTOFMS). Talanta 63,1231-1240, 2004. 

Enormous progress has recently been made in the development of a powerful new technique known as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chro-... 

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