Optical gating

Trebino R and Kane D J 1993 Using phase retrieval to measure the intensity and phase of ultrafast pulses frequency-resolved optical gating J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 10 1101-11... 

Kane D J and Terbino R 1993 Characterization of arbitrary femtosecond pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 29 571-9... 

Kane D J and Trebino R 1993 Single-shot measurement of the intensity and phase of an arbitrary ultrashort pulse by using frequency-resolved optical gating Opt. Lett. 18 823-5... 

DeLong K W, Trebino R, Hunter J and White W E 1994 Frequency-resolved optical gating with the use of second-harmonic generation J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 2206-15... 

Vibronic relaxation of XeF in solid Ar at 25 K was studied by pumping vibronic transitions with a subpicosecond UV pulse, and detecting frequency-resolved emission with a fast optical gate [25]. XeF has two sites in Ar, one... 

Future development of SAM-based analytical technology requires expansion of the size and shape selectivity of template stmctures, as well as introduction of advanced chemical and optical gating mechanisms. An important contribution of SAMs is in miniaturization of analytical instmmentation. This use may in turn have considerable importance in the biomedical analytical area, where miniature analytical probes will be introduced into the body and target-specific organs or even cell clusters. Advances in high resolution spatial patterning of SAMs open the way for such technologies (268,352). 

In 1995, Moore and Jorgenson used the optically gated CZE system to obtain extremely rapid separations with HPLC coupled to CZE. The rapid CZE analysis made possible more frequent sampling of the HPLC column, thus increasing the comprehensive resolving power. Complete two-dimensional analyses were performed in less than 10 min, with the CZE analyses requiring only 2.5s. A peak... 

Figure 9.10 Three-dimensional representation of the data volume of a tryptic digest of ovalbumin. Series of planar slices through the data volume produce stacks of disks in order to show peaks. Reprinted from Analytical Chemistry, 67, A. W. Moore Jr and J. W. Jorgenson, Comprehensive three-dimensional separation of peptides using size exclusion chromatogra-phy/reversed phase liquid chromatography/optically gated capillary zone electrophoresis, pp. 3456-3463, copyright 1995, with permission from the American Chemical Society.

A. W. Moore-Jr and J. W. Jorgenson, Rapid comprehensive two-dimensional separations of peptides via RPLC-optically gated capillary zone electiophoresis . Anal. Chem. 67 3448-3455 (1995). 

Moore, A.W., Jorgenson, J.W. (1995). Comprehensive three-dimensional separation of peptides using size exclusion chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography/optically gated capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 67, 3456-3463. 

Because of the small volumes encountered in CE, implementing CE as a second dimension is difficult if a valve is used. More efficient, lower volume unions have been utilized in a number of cases. The main types of these interfaces include optical gating and flow gating, which are discussed below. Electrical gating is described in detail in Chapter 15. Fraction collection is also used, as discussed in Chapter 16, although this takes longer and is a less efficient method than the other comprehensive 2D schemes. Chip-based separation systems typically use some form of electrical gating and these systems will be discussed below. 

Pittman, J.L., Terekhov, A.I., Suljak, S.W., Gilman, S.D. (2003). Optically gated vacancy electrophoresis in microfluidic devices. Anal. Chim. Acta 496, 195-204. 

Roddy, E.S., Lapos, J.A., Ewing, A.G. (2003). Rapid serial analysis of multiple oligonucleotide samples on a microchip using optically-gated injection. J. Chromatogr. A 1004, 217-224. 

Tao, L., Thompson, J.T., Kennedy R.T. (1998). Optically-gated capillary electrophoresis of o-phthaldehyde/P-mercaptoethanol derivatives of amino acids for chemical monitoring. Anal. Chem. 70, 4015M022. 

Lapos JA, Ewing AG (2000) Injection of fluorescently labeled analytes into microfabricated chips using optically gated electrophoresis. Anal Chem 72 4598-4602... 

The MIIPS of compensated pulses is shown in Fig. lb. To corroborate phase information retrieved from MIIPS, phase characterization was also done using second harmonic generation frequency resolved optical gating (SHG-FROG) [7], SHG-FROG traces of the pulses before and after compensation are shown in Fig. lc and Id. The final pulse-shaping step involved the controlled phase modulation of transform-limited pulses. 

In the analysis of linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopies, the electric fields and optical gates are commonly represented by their amplitudes. Similarly, the material system is represented by an amplitude as well, the wave function. However, optical signals are given by products of such amplitudes. 

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