Comprehensive Systems Approach

Successful resolution of such a problem requires a comprehensive systems approach diat considers all aspects of manufacturing, transportation, operation, and ultimate disposal. Some elements of this approach have been used previously in the development of propulsion (ship and space) nuclear power systems, with consideration given to many diverse requirements such as highly autonomous operation for a long period of time, no planned maint ance, no on-site refuelling and ultimate disposition. 

A comprehensive systems approach, from farm to table... 

Chapter 2, Understanding Human Performance and Error, provides a comprehensive overview of the main approaches that have been applied to analyze, predict, and reduce human error. This chapter provides the reader with the vmderlying theories of human error that are needed to xmderstand and apply a systems approach to its reduction. 

We need to transition from quasi-computerized methods, in which the different elements of the analytical process are treated as discrete, paper report tasks, to a comprehensive informatics approach, in which the entire data collection and analysis is considered as a single reusable, extensible, auditable, and reproducible system. Informatics can be defined as the science of storing, manipulating, analyzing, and visualizing information using computer systems. [3]... 

This chapter has presented several comprehensive 2DLC approaches combining a first-dimension IEX separation and a second-dimension RP separation for the analysis of complex protein mixtures typical in proteomics studies. Online ESI-TOF/MS detection provided sensitive detection and valuable qualitative information (MW) for proteins eluting from the MDLC system. Coordinated fraction collection and subsequent MS analysis of peptides produced by proteolysis of the fractions provided in-depth information on protein identification and a mechanism... 

Process security and process safety have many parallels and use many common programs and systems for achieving their ends. Process security management requires a systems approach to develop a comprehensive security program, which shares many common elements with process safety management. 

The part played by endogenous opioid systems in the regulation of these various physiological and behavioral functions has led to the experimental application of opiate antagonists in psychiatric disorders. This chapter focuses on autism and self-injury, which are two potential indications for opiate antagonists in pediatric populations. In adults, treatment with opiate antagonists has shown to be useful in the relapse prevention of alcoholism as part of a comprehensive treatment approach (Anton et ah, 1999, 2001). 

The QMS and the processes that comprise it must be custom designed for the needs of the business. One size does not fit all situations. The requirements of an enterprise vary across sites and the phases of a product life cycle. A comprehensive system will ensure a holistic programmatic approach in its support to the enterprise. This does not mean that every phase of the product life cycle (discovery, development, commercial manufacturing) will utilize all the processes that comprise the system. Nor does it require that all commercial manufacturing sites will necessarily implement all processes. It does, however, provide a common platform and expectation for all processes, owners, metrics review programs, continuous improvement efforts, and the like when they are implemented. 

A more comprehensive systemic or wholeness-orientated approach does not imply a dis-... 

Unfortunately, however, it is difficult for anyone to fully comprehend the existing classification systems for radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes. These systems are not based on clearly stated principles from which a logical and transparent classification system might follow, and the two systems approach classification and disposal of hazardous waste in different ways. The systems intermix legal and technical considerations in ways that sometimes defy logic. A few examples of the incongruities in the waste classification systems that result in a lack of transparency and difficulties in comprehension are described below. 

This Section presents NCRP s recommendations on a framework for a comprehensive and risk-based hazardous waste classification system. These recommendations focus primarily on the concepts and principles embodied in the new system. Approaches to implementing the waste classification system by specifying quantitative boundaries of different waste classes in the form of limits on concentrations of hazardous substances are discussed in this Section and in Section 6.4.5, and numerical examples are developed in Section 7.1. However, NCRP believes that the task of specifying such boundaries is properly the role of regulatory authorities, and specific recommendations on limits on concentrations of hazardous substances in different waste classes are not presented. 

A systemic approach of the whole supply chain allows the designer to identify the critical stages where inefficient use of raw materials and energy takes place, as well as the sources of toxic materials and pollution. Developing sustainable processes implies the availability of consistent and general accepted sustainability measures. A comprehensive analysis should examine the evolution of sustainability over the whole life cycle, namely that raised by the dismantling the plant. 

As a rule, the pyrolysis of plastics follows complex routes that cannot be described by one or more chemical reactions, but only and still rather imperfectly by either empirical formnlas featnring fractional stoichiometric coefficients or comprehensive systems of elementary reactions, i.e. reactions that really proceed as written. Moreover, the composition and strnctnre of these reaction systems may vary with details of molecular structure, such as chain irregnlarities, incorporation of initiators or catalysts, etc. As a consequence, precise mechanisms are of only scientific interest, an industrial approach being limited to overall considerations, such as the heat effect and the product distribution resulting under particular reaction conditions. 

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