Compounds reactions with ethylene

Benzyl chloride readily forms a Grignard compound by reaction with magnesium in ether with the concomitant formation of substantial coupling product, 1,2-diphenylethane [103-29-7]. Benzyl chloride is oxidized first to benzaldehyde [100-52-7] and then to benzoic acid. Nitric acid oxidizes directly to benzoic acid [65-85-0]. Reaction with ethylene oxide produces the benzyl chlorohydrin ether, CgH CH20CH2CH2Cl (18). Benzylphosphonic acid [10542-07-1] is formed from the reaction of benzyl chloride and triethyl phosphite followed by hydrolysis (19). 

Dioxolanes haye been prepared from a carbonyl compound and an epoxide (e.g., ketone/SnC, CCI4, 20°, 4 h, 53% yield or aldehyde/ Et4N Br, 125-220°, 2-4 h, 20-85% yield ). Perhalo ketones can be protected by reaction with ethylene chlorohydrin under basic conditions (K2CO3, pentane, 25°, 2 h, 85% yield or NaOH, EtOH—H2O, 95% yield ). 

The saturated 3-ketone can also be protected as the ethylene ketal, which is prepared directly by reaction with ethylene glycol or by exchange dioxo-lanation. Selective formation of 3-ethylenedioxy compounds is also possible, but the former method is not particularly effective in the presence of 6-, 17- or 20-ketones. However, the exchange dioxolanation technique is more sensitive to steric effects and good selectivity at C-3 can be achieved in the presence of a 17-ketone, provided the reagent does not contain glycol. ... 

A"" -3-Ketones are more reactive than cross-conjugated A ""-3-ketones. A"" -3,3-CycIoethylenedioxy compounds can be easily prepared by acid-catalyzed reaction with ethylene glycol or by exchange dioxolanation. 3,3-Cycloethylenedioxy-A -dienes can be prepared from 3,3-cycloethy-lenedioxy-A -enes by allylic bromination and dehydrobromination. Acid hydrolysis yields A"" -3-ketosteroids. ... 

The nature of dangerous reactions involving organic chemicals depends on the saturated, unsaturated or aromatic structures of a particular compound. Saturated hydrocarbons are hardly reactive, especially when they are linear. Branched or cyclic hydrocarbons (especially polycyclic condensed ones) are more reactive, in particular as with oxidation reactions. With ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturated compounds, the products are endothermic . 

SBA is primarily used as feedstock for methyl ethyl ketone. Other uses include hydraulic fluids, industrial cleaning compounds, paint remover, and an extracting agent for oils, perfumes, and dyes. TBA is used mostly as feedstock to make methyl methacrylate and glycol ethers (by reaction with ethylene or propylene oxides.) TBA is also a coproduct with PO, as covered in Chapter 11. 

The reactivity of the dibromo compounds 72 and 74b was also explored, and it was shown that reaction with ethylene glycol gave the corresponding cyclic acetals 76, while reaction of compound 72 with hydroxylamine furnished the fervenulin-3-carbaldoxime 77, which was found to be resistant to hydrolysis. 

Living polymers usually require special reagents to achieve termination. Any electrophilic reagent that reacts with the carbanion active center and also allows preparation of polymers with desired terminal functionalities can be used for this purpose.168,174,181 Hydrogen-terminated polymers can be produced by proton donors, whereas carbon dioxide results in a carboxylate end group. Terminal alcohol functionalities can be formed through reaction with ethylene oxide and carbonyl compounds. 

Glover E.G. Kayser, Quantitative Spectro-photometric Analysis of Polynitroaromatic Compounds by Reaction with Ethylene Diamine , AnalChem 40, 2055 (1968) 33) D.G, Gehring... 

Compound 63 has been structurally characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction (Fig. 21a).52 53 The geometry of the five-membered metallacyclic ring is puckered with notably different Co C( ) distances. The C-C bonds are also observed to be significantly shorter than the standard (sp3)C-(sp3)C bond length. Compound 63 was found to be stable at room temperature under an N2 atmosphere and could be stored for months at —30 °C.67 However, in benzene solution, 63 decomposes at room temperature giving a mixture of 1-butene (11%), trans 2-butene (64%) and cis 2-butene (25%).68 Reaction of 63 with CO at 44 atm pressure afforded cyclopentanone as the product in 33% yield, while reaction with ethylene at 1 atm gave 1-hexene (65%) and 1-butene (11%) as the products.68... 

RuCl2(arene)]2 complexes (1) react with 1,5-cyclooctadiene and 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexadiene in the presence of ethanol and Na2C03 or zinc dust to give Ru°(776-arene)(V diene) compounds of type 196-198 in 60% yield [Eq. (20)] thus, this reaction appears to be the reverse of the 198-> 1 reaction [Eq. (19)]. The same reaction with ethylene leads to the bis-ethylene ruthenium(O) complex 205 (37%) (131,10). The norbornadiene complex 207 is prepared similarly from derivative 206 (125). Combination of transformations 206 - 207 [Eq. (21)] or 1 - 198 [Eq. (20)] with trans-... 

Certain compounds, such as those bearing thiol groups (—SH), facilitate chain transfer. Thiol groups, leading to higher grafting yields, can be introduced into the cellulose by reaction with ethylene sulfide ... 

The liquid phase processes resembled Wacker-Hoechst s acetaldehyde process, i.e., acetic acid solutions of PdCl2 and CuCl2 are used as catalysts. The water produced from the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) (Figure 27) forms acetaldehyde in a secondary reaction with ethylene. The ratio of acetaldehyde to vinyl acetate can be regulated by changing the operating conditions. The reaction takes place at 110-130°C and 30-40 bar. The vinyl acetate selectivity reaches 93% (based on acetic acid). The net selectivity to acetaldehyde and vinyl acetate is about 83% (based on ethylene), the by-products being CO2, formic acid, oxalic acid, butene and chlorinated compounds. The reaction solution is very corrosive, so that titanium must be used for many plant components. After a few years of operation, in 1969-1970 both ICI and Celanese shut down their plants due to corrosion and economic problems. 

The reaction of M3(CO)12 with both open-chain and cyclic poly-alkenes has attracted some attention, especially in the case of Ru3(CO)i2. In most of the examples reported, the organic fragment bonds to the metal framework in such a way as to interact with more than one of the three metal atoms (68-77). There are some exceptions to this general statement, however. One is the reaction of Ru3(CO)j 2 with cyclopentadiene, in which a mononuclear complex is obtained (78). In other cases, tetranuclear and hexanuclear compounds are obtained (79 81). Cluster breakdown has also been observed in the case of a rhodium complex upon reaction with ethylene (55) as shown in Fig. 3. 

At low temperature and pressure, a gas phase reaction can occur between iron atoms and toluene. The product, a rather unstable sandwich compound, reacts with ethylene to give compound X. Compound X decomposes at room temperature to liberate ethylene at —20° it reacts with P(OCH3)3 to give Fe(toluene)[P(OCH3)3]2. Suggest a structure for compound X. (Reference U. Zenneck and W. Frank, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1986,25, 831.)... 

---