Ethylene glycol reaction with

A provocative reaction of ethylene glycol direcdy with siUcon dioxide that leads to a complex mixture of oligomeric and cycHc ester species has been reported (32). This reaction proceeds in the presence of sodium hydroxide or in the presence of high boiling tertiary amines (33). 

Dicyano-l,2,3-trithiole 2-oxide (143) has been prepared from the silver salt of 2,3-dimercaptomaleonitrile (142) and thionyl chloride (66HC(2l-i)67). Similarly, the reaction of ethylene glycol (144) with thionyl chloride gave 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide (145), the parent compound of saturated five-membered cyclic sulfites (see Chapter 4.33). 

Quenching of the oxidative reaction was completed by the use of ethylene glycol ( ), along with sample filtering, retentate washing and dialysis. 

Sugar derivatives of phosphanes can be made by reaction of ethylene glycol derivatives with sugar diacetonides to form monoallyl ethers, which can be brominated at the double bond. These compounds react with phenyl-and diphenylphosphanes to yield ligands with a sugar function in the side chain (57). Phosphinated glucopyranosides were prepared by Oehme and... 

Draw the structure of a segment of the polyester that results from the reaction of ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) with butanedioic acid (H02CCH2CH2C02H). 

Fig. 2. Effect of KBr on the copolymerization of equimolar mixtures of ethylene glycol carbonate with phthalic anhydrite.54) (Reproduced by courtesy of Huthig and Wepf Verlag). 1 — conductivity at 120 °C 2 — reaction rate at 200 °C 3 — reaction rate at 180 °C...

Course of the reaction. In Table I, data are presented from two typical experiments which show the relative rates of formation of ammonia and carbon dioxide. These data serve to indicate a possible course of the urea-ethylene glycol reaction. Clearly, the synthesis of ethyleneurea did not proceed through simple elimination of two moles of water from an equimolar mixture of reactants for there was no evidence that water per se was obtained from the reaction. Indeed, it did not appear to be even a primary product since, if it had been and if it had reacted with urea, then the quantity of carbon dioxide relative to ammonia would have been much higher in the early stages of the reaction. From the very large quantity of ammonia evolved it appeared that the primary product was a carbamate. This carbamic acid ester of ethylene glycol subsequently lost carbon dioxide with formation of the desired C—N bond as indicated by the following equations ... 

Elimination of a water molecule takes place with various types of radicals and is catalysed by acids and bases. This has been observed with the radicals from ethylene glycol [reaction (64)] (von Sonntag and Thoms, 1970 Burchill and Perron, 1971) and other glycols, and... 

Figure 6. Esterification of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol reaction temperature 473 K, reaction time 90 min.

Examples of other plasticisers are an adduct of tetrahydrofurfural alcohol and ethylene oxide and the reaction products of ethylene glycol either with organic acids or with anhydrides. Polyols and natural and synthetic rubbers are examples of flexibilisers. 

The reaction of halogenosilanes with polyhydric alcohols leads quite often to oligomers. Thus, the reaction of ethylene glycol (699) with dichlorodimethysilane (117) affords the ten-membered 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-l,3,6,8-tetroxa-2,7-disilacyclodecane (700) (equation 356)392. 

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