Photometric analysis

Gives complexes of constrating colors with AI,Zn, Th. Zr, and Ga and is useful in tlie photometric analysis of these elements specific reagent of Pa(H) spectrophotometric determination of Cu(U)... 

In situ quantitation The reagent was not suitable for a sensitive, direct, photometric analysis. 

In situ quantitation The absorption photometric analysis was made in reflectance at 2 = 610 nm (Fig. 1). 

In situ quantitation The photometric analysis was performed in reflectance at A = 650 nm. 

In situ quantitation The absorption photometric analysis was made at A = 540 nm (ethynylestradiol) and X = 605 nm (diethylstilbestrol). The detection limit for ethynylestradiol was 12ng and that for diethylstilbestrol 3 ng per chromatogram zone. 

A number of different methods to monitor the amount of methylimidazole left in a final ionic liquid are known. NMR spectroscopy is used by most academic groups, but may have a detection limit of about 1 mol%. The photometric analysis described by Holbrey, Seddon, and Wareing has the advantage of being a relatively quick method that can be performed with standard laboratory equipment [13]. This makes it particularly suitable for monitoring of the methylimidazole content during commercial ionic liquid synthesis. The method is based on the formation and colorimetric analysis of the intensely colored complex of l-methylimidazole with cop-per(II) chloride. 

The flame photometric analysis of this solution established that 70% of 6 is dissociated as the Na" salt. 

Unique methods based on new principles have been developed within the past 10 years. Threonine (27,28,249) is oxidized by lead tetraacetate or periodic acid to acetaldehyde, which is determined by photometric analysis of its p-hydroxydiphenyl complex or iodometric titration of its combined bisulfite. Serine is oxidized similarly to formaldehyde, which is determined gravimetrically (207) as its dimedon (5,5-dimethyldihydro-resorcinol) derivative or photometric analysis (31) of the complex formed with Eegriwe s reagent (l,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,5-disulfonic acid). It appears that the data obtained for threonine and serine in various proteins by these oxidation procedures are reasonably accurate. [Block and Bolling (26) have given data on the threonine and serine content of various proteins. ]... 

The percentages of amino acids in silk fibroin which Poison et al. (224) found by direct visual and indirect photometric analysis of ninhydrin paper-partition chromatograms are shown in Table VII. The percentages obtained for alanine, glycine, and serine appear to be reasonably accurate, inasmuch as they agree closely with those found by other methods. It would be of interest to determine alanine by the microbiological method reported recently by Sauberlich and Baumann (238), in view of the widely different values found for this amino acid by the described ninhydrin-chromatographic procedure and the selec-... 

As the DI plant becomes exhausted, silica leakage occurs in the treated MU water and the pH falls abruptly. Furthermore, where sodium ion leakage occurs from the cation bed, it produces a regenerative effect on the anion bed, which may also lead to silica leakage. To differentiate between the two phenomena, sodium ion leakage from the cation bed should be assessed directly using selective sodium-ion electrodes, flame photometric analysis, or other appropriate test methods. 

In situ quantitation The absorption photometric analysis in reflectance was carried out either at the absorption maximum of the pyrogallol derivative at = 350 nm (Fig. lA) or at the absorption maximum of the phloroglucinol derivative at = 420 nm (Fig. IB). 

Gabica JJ, Wyllie J, Watson M, et al. 1971. Example of flame photometric analysis for methyl parathion in rat whole blood and brain tissue. Anal Chem 43 1102-1105. 

To examine the effect of ultrasound on the decomposition of Zn-dithizone complex, 0.2264 g Zn metal was treated with 10 ml of 5 M NaOH and sonicated for 30 min for maximum dissolution of Zn metal. After treating with ultrasound, 0.5 ml of 1 % dithizone was added to form Zn-dithizone red coloured complex. This red colour Zn-dithizone complex was extracted in chloroform and made upto to the mark in 50 ml volumetric flask with chloroform. 10 ml of this complex was sonicated for different duration of time (10, 20 and 30 min) and UV-vis spectro-photometric analysis was carried out. 

Khloshchanov [64] indicated by photometric analysis that the greatest concentration of phenasal was observed in cestodes of the lower third of the small intestine of sheep 4 h after oral administration of 0.2 g of the anthelmintic/kg. Increasing the dose of phenasal to 1 g/kg increased shedding of the cestodes. 

Fig. 3. The 2-D structure of the inner Galactic bar, based on direct photometric analysis of red clump stars as distance indicators. Now these individual bar stars are identified, detailed study of their kinematics and chemical abundances will be possible. Preliminary photometric indications suggest the bar is more closely disk than bulge in its populations. This figure is from Babusiaux Gilmore 2004.

Methods of Photometric Analysis of Ache-Biotests Image 139... 

Principle Biosensors consist of paper matrixes and tissue enzyme preparations, often the pure enzyme AChE or AChE-containing cells. As seen in Fig.l, main scheme of the preparation technology and procedure includes (i) the preparation of same kinds of biotests-biosensors, which are paper matrixes impregnated with tissue preparation of AChE and covered by polymer film. (ii) biochemical reactions of the AChE activity with and without inhibitors tested and (iii) the photometric analysis of the samples for quantitative estimation of the biochemical reactions. 

In the photometric analysis, a calibration of samples is made with the 5-30 ml of the water solutions of Congo red dye (Congo red Ind., Beijing Huagonchang) pH 5.6. This dye has the absorbance maximum 500 nm. Before the measurements, the tests are dried up on air at 50°C for 60 min. The absorbance of Congo red is also used as a blank for the absorbance measurements of AchE-biotests on the matrixes. 

Table 1 Results of photometric analysis of AChE-biotests (see Fig.3)...

The use of the 96-cells plate and microplate photometers represents a convenient and fast way of quantitative photometric analysis of reactions of the chemical tests and biotests made on the basis of paper materials. The firm microplate photometers are supplied with the necessary software and systems of scanning a plate which carry out not only one-wave, but also the multiwave photometric analysis, that will enable us to increase the accuracy of the analysis. 

AChE-biotests are located in each column reactor. Through a hole in the lock-nut (9) of a column 3 ml of icubation solutions are injected (see chapter 15, Section 3.1). The speed of flow is 1.4 ml/min in the closed flowing system. Time of incubation is 2 h at room temperature. After incubation, the columns is disconnected, AChE-biotests are taken, dried and their photometric analysis is done. 

Fig. 7 Scheme of a photometric analysis of the biotest images (Budantsev, 2004). 

Budantsev, A. Yu. and Budantseva, T.A. (2005). Photometric analysis of paper tests using microplate readers. Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Russsian) 60 794-797. 

Sandell, E. B. Onishi, H., Photometric Analysis of Traces of Metals General Aspects (4th edn), Wiley, New York, 1978. 

Gamble, D. S., Underdown, A. W. and Langford, C. H. (1982). Copper(II) titration of fulvic acid ligand sites with theoretical, potentiometric and spectro-photometric analysis, Anal. Chem., 52, 1901-1908. 

G. Bock, M. Hilchenbach, K. Schaenstein, and G. Wick, Photometric analysis of antifading reagents for immunofluorescence with laser and conventional illumination sources,... 

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