Complement chemotactic factors

Gold alters the morphology and functional capabilities of human macrophages—possibly its major mode of action. As a result, monocyte chemotactic factor-1, interleukin-8, interleukin-IB production, and vascular endothelial growth factor are all inhibited. Intramuscular gold compounds also alter lysosomal enzyme activity, reduce histamine release from mast cells, inactivate the first component of complement, and suppress the phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Auranofin also inhibits release of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4. 

Smooth muscle contraction Vasodilation Increased vascular permeability Platelet aggregation Complement activation Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factor Mucus secretion... 

Cinnamomum cassia, a species of cinnamon related to that found in Herbal Blend, inhibits complement-dependent allergic reaction by reducing immunological hemolysis, chemotactic migration of neutrophils, and the generation of chemotactic factors by mast cells in response to complement-activated serum.9... 

Over the years, various tetracyclines have been used in the treatment of acne. Their mechanism of action is not clear, but appears to be not purely antimicrobial, since they reduce chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, modify complement pathways, and inhibit the polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic factor and lipase production in Propionibacterium acnes (33). They may also have a direct effect on sebum secretion (34), for example by modification of free fatty acids (35). 

C5a (chemotactic factor) A component of the complement system which is cleaved from C5 by enzymatic action. It causes vasodilatation and polymorphonuclear leucocyte accumulation. 

Oxygen uptake, O5, H2O2, OH production, as well as chemiluminescence, are stimulated by many agents, particulate or soluble, which include bacteria, latex, and zymosan (Table 4) (C6, B3), PMA (Jl, G6, R2), ionophores (W4), complement peptide Cg (G3), fluoride ion (G9, H2), and a chemotactic factor iV-formylmethionyl peptide (S5). These events have been demonstrated to be independent of phagocytosis and even of degranulation they only require contact of the stimulus with the cell membrane (M2, R4, G3, H2, G9). 

The mechanisms of enzyme secretion and chemotaxis have obvious similarities. Thus, many chemotactic factors are also secretagogues for lysosomal enzyme secretion, e.g. fMLP [283,284]. Compounds causing secretion [285] and/or phagocytosis [286] increase the liberation of arachidonic acid from the phospholipids in a Ca -dependent manner [287]. Arachidonic acid in the presence of cytochalasin B causes enzyme release from rabbit peritoneal PMNL but not from human PMNL [152,288,290]. The acetylenic analog of arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, ETYA) and nordihydroguiaiaretic acid (NDGA), both inhibitors of lipoxygenase, inhibit enzyme secretion induced by arachidonic acid [291,292] or chemotactic peptides and the complement factor C5a [289],... 

Complement derived chemotactic factors (C5a) also microbial and tissue breakdown products... 

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