Lipase production

Dalmau, E., Montesinos, J.L., Lotti, M. and Casas, C., Effect of different carbon sources on lipase production by Candida rugosa. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2000, 26, 657-663. 

Lopez, S., Valero, F., and Sola, C., Immobilization of Cells Strategies in lipase production by immobilized Candida rugosa cells, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 1996 vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 15-24. 

Nashif, S. A. and Nelson, F. E. 1953B. The lipase of Pseudomonas fragi. II. Factors affecting lipase production. J. Dairy Sci. 36, 471-480. 

Effect of Temperature, Moisture, and Carbon Supplementation on Lipase Production by Solid-State Fermentation of Soy Cake by Penicillium simplicissimum... 

The use of lipases in wastewater treatment in the food industry has been proposed to improve process efficiency (1,2). However, economical feasibility depends on low-cost enzyme preparations. Lipase production... 

The effect of incubation temperature, initial cake moisture, and olive oil supplementation on lipase production was evaluated following a two-level experimental plan. The range of study of the variables was chosen based on previous results of the our group (2,7,10). 

Fig. 1. Lipase production at different conditions of moisture and supplementation (A) 27°C and (B) 33°C.

The concentration of olive oil and moisture content showed positive effects in the range investigated. The increase in olive oil content may favor lipase production by the microorganism owing to accelerated metabolism. 

The increase in water content in the medium also increased the metabolic activity of the mold, resulting in a higher lipase production. These results were also observed by Gombert et al. (10) for lipase production using... 

The use of soy cake is a promising substrate for lipase production. Even without optimization it is possible to achieve lipase activity as high as 21 U/g of dry cake, comparable with lipase activity obtained with other microorganisms and substrates. 

Matselis, E., Roussis, I.G. 1998. Proteinase and lipase production by Pseudomonas fluorescens. 

Figure 30 1 Summary of lipase production by fed-batch culture of Candida cylindra-cea. u set point of specific growth rate (Ir1).

Gordillo, M. A., Montesinos, J. L., Casas, C., Valero, F., Lafuente, J., and Sola, C. 1998a. Improving lipase production from Candida rugosa by a biochemical engineering approach. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 93,131-142. 

Over the years, various tetracyclines have been used in the treatment of acne. Their mechanism of action is not clear, but appears to be not purely antimicrobial, since they reduce chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, modify complement pathways, and inhibit the polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic factor and lipase production in Propionibacterium acnes (33). They may also have a direct effect on sebum secretion (34), for example by modification of free fatty acids (35). 

Cordova, J., Nemmaoui, M., Ismaili-Alaoui, M., Morin, A., Roussos, S., Raimbault, M., and Benjilali, B. (1998). Lipase production by solid state fermentation of olive cake and sugar cane bagasse.. Mol. Catal. B Enzymatic 5(1-4), 75-78. 

Chirazyme Lipases Product Information, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH... 

Enzymatic transesterification is under investigation [287, 288], but the cost of lipase production is the main hurdle for commercialization. Intracellular lipase as a vhole cell biocatalyst could lo ver the lipase production cost. Another problem is ho v to maintain lipase activity in the presence of a high concentration of methanol and glycerol. Industrialization is under investigation, but still not realized. 

Initially, tests were performed to verily the best supplementary carbon source for lipase production, using the conditions described by Penha et al. [19]. The experiments were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks (250 ml), and the fermentation medium consisted of 100 g of powdered wheat bran (60% moisture adjusted adding a 0.91% (m/v) ammonium sulfate solution, pFl=7.0) and 2% mim of vegetable oil (castor, soybean, olive, com, and palm oils). The medium was mixed and sterilized at 1.0 atm for 15 min, and afterwards, inoculated with 10 spores/g substrate. All flasks were closed and incubated in a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) environment, keeping the moisture and ventilation conditions constant, at 32 C for 96 h. Then, the samples were analyzed to determine the glycosamine content and the lipase activity. 

Experiments were carried out using a SSF colunrn reactor to enhance lipase production using castor oil as the carbon source. The experiments were carried out in glass columns (210 mm height and 22 mm diameter), filled with approximately 16.0 g of wheat bran and variable castor oil concentration (0, 2, and 4% mIm). The medium moisture was adjusted to 60% using the same procedures described earlier. The columns were inoculated with a suspension of lO spores/g of substrate, incubated in a thermostatic bath at 32°C, and aerated with saturated air at a rate of 4 1/h. The experiment lasted 96 h and was monitored every 24 h, for determining the glycosamine content and the lipase activity. 

To study the ability of different supplementary carbon sources to enhance the lipase production, several kinds of vegetable oils (castor, soybean, olive, com, and palm oils) were fed at 2% mim to the fermentation process (Fig. 2). In the experimental conditions used, castor oil presented the best results, reaching lipase activity of 23.7 U/ml. 

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