Companion plants

Another approach is the utilization of allelopathic rotational crops or companion plants in annual or perennial cropping systems (19). Living rye (Secale cereale L.) and its residues have been shown to provide nearly complete suppression of a variety of agroecosystem weeds (33). Similarly, residues of sorghums, barley, wheat and oats can provide exceptional suppression of certain weed species Q ). Although some progress has been made on identifying the allelochmicals from these plants, much remains to be accomplished. 

Minimization of agricultural losses from soil toxins Toxins from soils appear to be responsible for inhibition of nitrogen fixation, metabolism and nodulation in legumes. Removal of toxins could be achieved by proper adsorption techniques and also by growing companion plants that contribute organic matter to microoranisms which help to destroy or degrade toxic chemicals. 

Companion planting" is a term used to describe growing two different species of plant together to the benefit of one or both. 

Author s Note Logee s Greenhouses and Well-Sweep Herb Farm have the cheapest prices on Salvia divinorum plants. Companion Plants has the cheapest prices on dried Salvia divinorum leaves. Herbal-Shaman is the only source for Salvia divinorum Extract. The Basement Shaman is the only source for fresh Salvia divinorum leaves. If you are in the market for dried Salvia leaves, I recommend Kava Kauai or Herbal-Shaman as their products are excellent. I can also highly recommend the extract sold by Herbal-Shaman. 

St-Arnaud M., Hamel C., Vimard B., Caron M., Fortin J.A. Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi in the non-VAM species Dianthus caryophyllus by co-culture with Tagetes patula companion plants colonized by Glomus intraradices. Can J Bot 1997 75 998-1005. 

Riotte, L., Companion Planting for Successful Gardening, Garden Way, Charlotte, Vermont, 1978. 

Pests are controlled by actively encouraging, releasing and monitoring beneficial insects and organisms. The Fetzers plant plum trees all around the vineyards to attract the tiny parasitic wasp Anagrus that feeds on leafhoppers. Companion plants such as mustard, crimson clover and sunflowers are planted in rows alternating with permanent covers in the other rows across the entire vineyard to attract other beneficial insects. And ladybirds are introduced to feed on aphids. 

Alliaceous plants release characteristic volatile compounds. The most well-known compound is the allylthio-sulfinate allicin (169), which is produced from alliin (170) by alliinase and exhibits strong antibacterial and antifungal activities. For this reason, alliaceous plants are used as companion plants of tomato, cucumber,... 

The N requirements of fruit trees vary within the growing season and are essentially limited to the months April to July, with a peak in June. Half of the N requirements in spring are met from the tree s own reserves. The provision of N to meet requirements is thus more a matter of timing than of quantity. Only a few N fertilizers, which are mineralized relatively quickly, are permitted in organic farming. This is why the application of N fertilizers needs to be precisely timed. Any competition from companion plants in the row of trees must be controlled in time, e.g. by mechanical tilling, so that mineralization is accelerated and the nitrogen is available for use by the trees. The N supply of an orchard should be optimized by means of N analyses. 

Many cultural control practices are thought to work on a variety of levels. Companion planting is generally thought of as a general cultural practice that lessens pest problems. In specific cases, the companion plants may attract beneficial insects, and so in a sense, are a biological control. Other plant companions may serve as a trap crop for pests—a physical method of pest management. Often it is the oldest methods that are least understood in terms of how and why they work. 

Companion planting—planting two or more types of plants in close proximity—is a popular gardening technique that can reduce pest problems in a variety of ways. Some good companion plants, such as dill, fennel, and Queen Anne s lace, will attract beneficial insects. Other types of companion plants repel pests or confuse and confound insects or disease organisms in search of their preferred host plants. To learn more about how diversity helps reduce pest problems, see Encourage Diversity on page 6. 

The term companion planting describes several types of plant-to-organism relationships. These relationships, and how to use them, are described below. While examples are gi en. they are by no means a complete selectioo of possible companion plants. You ll probably want to do further reading and experirser.nr.g... 

Assist natural enemies by including small-flowered, food-bearing companion plants in your landscape. Choose from members of the carrot family (Umbelliferael. which includes caraway, dill, fennel, lovage. and parsley. Many... 

Carr, Anna. Good Neighbors Companion Planting for Gardeners. Emmaus. Pa. Rodale Press, 1985. 

Chinese, soap sprays and, 483 club root and, 54,346,360,399 companion planting and, 419 compost or manure for, 418 crop rotation and,6,415-16,418 culture, 52, 54 cutworm collars and, 442 mulches and, 444 problems of, 53, 54-56 seedling protectors and, 445 seed sterilization for, 423 timed planting and, 422 trap crops and, 440 Cabbage aphids, 269 Cabbage butterflies, viral pathogens for, 461-62... 

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