Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Common Method Approach

Recovery of Uranium from Leach Solutions. The uranium can be recovered from leach solutions using a variety of approaches including ion exchange (qv), solvent extraction, and chemical precipitation. The most common methods in practice are ion exchange and solvent extraction to purify and concentrate the uranium prior to final product precipitation. [Pg.317]

Azoic Dyes. These are used to produce cost-effective heavy yellow, orange, red, maroon, navy blue, brown, and black shades and are ptinted alongside other dye classes to extend the coloristic possibiUties for the designer. Two approaches are adopted. The common method ia the United States is to use both a naphthol derivative and a stabilized color base, usually in the form of a diazo imino compound in the same print paste. This mixture is soluble in dilute caustic soda and no coupling takes place at this stage. The dried prints are passed through steam at 100—105°C that contains acetic and/or formic acid vapor. As neutralization takes place on the print, the coupling occurs rapidly and the insoluble azoic dye is formed. [Pg.372]

For those installations where a detailed pulsation analysis, API 618 Design Approach 2 or 3, is required,. several consulting companies offer these services. Until the 1980s, the most common method was to perform the pulsation analysis on the analog simulator of the Pipeline and Compres.sor Research Council of the Southern Gas Association. The... [Pg.85]

Part of the planning should include the evaluation of test uncertainty. This evaluation can be limited to a common sense approach based on available instrumentation and the locations relative to the ideal. A more sophisticated study can be made in which instrumentation accuracy and the impact of any inaccuracy on the measured parameters is evaluated. This is a complex task with the need being based on the motivation for the test. If the test is being performed to settle a dispute, a formal understanding of the uncertainty should be developed. Methods for evaluation of test uncertainty are found in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.1 [11]. [Pg.431]

Thermal and catalytic incinerators, condensers, and adsorbers are the most common methods of abatement used, due to their ability to deal with a wide variety of emissions of organic compounds. The selection between destruction and recovery equipment is normally based on the feasibility of recovery, which relates directly to the cost and the concentration of organic compounds in the gas stream. The selection of a suitable technology depends on environmental and economical aspects, energy demand, and ease of installation as well as considerations of operating and maintenance. 7 he selection criteria may vary with companies or with individual process units however, the fundamental approach is the same. [Pg.1251]

Several tools can be used to evaluate the environmental consequences of an industrial ventilation project. Some of the most common methods used are covered in this chapter. The life cycle assessment tool is considered in detail, as it is a comprehensive and product-oriented approach that is covered by international standardization. Other tools, such as risk assessment, cost-benefit... [Pg.1357]

Cost of business interruption. The cost of business interruption is significantly influenced by various commercial factors. For example, if you are not producing at fiill capacity it may be possible to make up lost production at other facilities or when the plant comes back into operation. The business interruption costs will only be the additional costs of production, transportation and any lost sales. As these conditions can vary from month to month it may be more appropriate to adopt a standard method of calculating business interruption costs for PSM and ESH purposes. One commonly adopted approach is to estimate the tonnage of production lost and calculate the cost as being the difference between the sale price and all manufacturing, storage and transportation costs. [Pg.125]

There are three common methods for SO abatement. These are tine gas scrubbing, feedstock desulfurization, and SO additive. The SOj, additive is often the least costly alternative, which is the approach practiced by many refiners. [Pg.119]

Poly(p-pheny lene)s, PPPs, constitute the prototype of rigid-rod polymers and are currently being intensively investigated [1]. The key role of PPPs follows from their conceptually simple and appealing molecular structure, from their chemical stability, and from their superior physical properties [2], In turn, this is the result of important advances made in aromatic chemistry over the last few years. The following section gives an overview of the most common methods to generate poly(p-phenylene)s via different synthetic approaches. [Pg.32]

Different methods have been developed for the generation of carbene and diradical negative ions. One of the most commonly used approaches involves the reaction of an organic substrate with atomic oxygen ion, O , to form water by H2 abstraction (Eq. 5.7). "... [Pg.223]

The focus of this chapter is the development of a technique often called wholecell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) or whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS. Some groups prefer to use terms such as intact or unprocessed rather than whole, but the intended meaning is the same regardless of which word is used. As noted in the first chapter of this book, there are many different methods for the analysis of bacteria. However, for the analysis of intact or unprocessed bacteria, whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS is the most commonly used approach. This method is very rapid. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of whole cells takes only minutes because the samples can be analyzed directly after collection from a bacterial culture suspension. Direct MALDI MS analysis of fungi or viruses is similar in approach1,2 but is not covered in this chapter. MALDI-TOF MS of whole cells was developed with very rapid identification or differentiation of bacteria in mind. The name (whole cell) should not be taken to imply that the cells are literally intact or whole. Rather, it should be taken to mean that the cells that have not been treated or processed in any way specifically for the removal or isolation of any cellular components from any others. In whole-cell analysis the cells have been manipulated only as necessary to... [Pg.125]

The most reliable technique to find the global optimum by means of common methods is the transition from the quasi-two-dimensional approach (Fig. 5.3b,c) to a complete two-dimensional one. It consists of a certain number of experiments as shown in Fig. 5.4. [Pg.139]

Enzymes useful for detection purposes in ELISA techniques (Chapter 26) also can be employed in the creation of highly sensitive DNA probes for hybridization assays. The attached enzyme molecule provides detectability for the oligonucleotide through turnover of substrates that can produce chromogenic or fluorescent products. Enzyme-based hybridization assays are perhaps the most common method of nonradioactive detection used in nucleic acid chemistry today. The sensitivity of enzyme-labeled probes can approach or equal that of radiolabeled nucleic acids, thus eliminating the need for radioactivity in most assay systems. [Pg.992]

The photosynthetic activity of biofilms is one of the most commonly used approaches to detect effects on biofilms. The methods based on photosynthetic activity are obviously adequate in the case of stressors that affect the performance of photosynthesis, either directly or indirectly. [Pg.399]


See other pages where Common Method Approach is mentioned: [Pg.157]    [Pg.162]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.162]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.609]    [Pg.143]    [Pg.244]    [Pg.412]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.316]    [Pg.909]    [Pg.1016]    [Pg.495]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.1457]    [Pg.48]    [Pg.320]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.456]    [Pg.475]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.766]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.559]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.487]    [Pg.215]   


SEARCH



Common approaches

Common methods

© 2024 chempedia.info