Economic Development, Committee for

It was in this perspective, that the Committee for Economic Development, about a year ago, initiated a study of Technology Policy in the U.S. Several task groups, comprised of CED trustees and their advisors, were established to study concurrently the areas of tax policy, patent policy, international technology transfer, regulation, and Federal support of R D. 

Our approach was not to hold hearings, nor to undertake major new analyses, but rather, to review existing research and to build, to the extent possible, on the many ongoing, related activities, such as the presidential Domestic Policy Review and the Committee for Economic Development s study. We prepared a variety of review and synthesis papers and assembled selected key studies from the past. We commissioned a few analytical pieces to fill in gaps in knowledge and held a meeting in December 1978 on the subject of research, innovation, and economic change. Our report attempts to present what is known about the role of innovation in the economy, past trends and the present state of the "innovation system", and the outlook and options for the future. 

In parallel with the foregoing efforts, the Committee for Economic Development has conducted an in-depth policy analysis entitled, REVITALIZING TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN THE UNITED STATES. The CED summary chapter, completed in August 1979 and to be published in October 1979, is to be reprinted with their permission in our report, where it will be directly available to Members of Congress. 

The Council s work will be closely linked to related efforts of organizations, such as, the Committee for Economic Development, the Business Roundtable, the Conference Board, and the Industrial Research Institute. If feasible, the Council may. Indeed be affiliated with one or more of them. 

Just as self-determination is often equated with political self-determination, economic development is often discussed under the general headline development. The United Nations are concerned with development, though it is development aimed at states and not at peoples as self-determination demands. Economic development touches on the system as such through the participation of the state in international economic organizations and in particular the power over one s own natural resources. The free disposal over natural wealth and resources is mentioned in art. 1 (2) ICCPR. The Human Rights Committee has stated that this is a particular aspect of the economic content of the right to self-determination. Art. 2 of the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States lists the economic freedoms a state has. The article explains economic state activities however, it does not explicitly address economic development. Art. 7 places the prime responsibility for economic development on the state. Art. 1 firmly places decisions on the economic system within the state in accordance with the will of the people no interference or coercion fi om external actors may take place. 

The Business Development and Management Division and the Committee for Economic and Professional Affairs cosponsored the symposium at which these papers were presented, at the 229th National Meeting of the ACS in San Diego, California, March 13-17, 2005. The symposium sponsors did not require papers to be submitted, and the authors have expanded significantly upon what they presented, adding more recent information. 

The eChemPortal is an effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in collaboration with the European Commission, the United States, Canada, lapan, the International Council of Chemical Associations, the Business and Industry Advisory Committee, the World Health Organization s International Program on Chemical Safety, the United Nations Environment Programme on Chemicals and environmental non-governmental organizations. 

While potential attacks on all modes of transportation are of concern, the Committee on Assessment of Security Technologies for Transportation believes that the U.S. air transportation system continues to have a high priority for counterterrorism resources, both because of its economic importance and because of the intensified public perception of risk following the September 11, 2001, attacks. The air transportation system can also serve as a testbed for the development of defensive technologies and strategies that can subsequently be applied to other transportation modes. 

The critical role of agriculture cannot be overemphasized as an obvious axiom of the policy of self-reliance, which is the ability to feed its own population. Political slogans such as "Agriculture as Foundation" and "Industry Must Aid and Serve Agriculture" are just some indications of the primary importance accorded to agriculture. (A separate Ministry of Food was established on June 12, 1979, with Zhao Xinchu—full member of the 11th Central Committee of the CCP—as its first Minister.) Agricultural development will continue to be viewed as the fundamental basis for economic modernization, and the point of departure for pursuit of import substitution policies. 

When the first Moss Bill was filed, its provisions were studied by the American Chemical Society Committee on Economic Status and the Committee on Patent Matters and Related Legislation. One concern was whether an official ACS position on the bill should be presented to the governing congressional committee. The ACS bodies also felt that consideration should be given to the active involvement of ACS itself in developing a program for encouraging compensation to employed inventors. It soon became apparent to the members of the two ACS Committees that the issue was more complex than appeared, and a joint subcommittee was appointed to study the entire question in depth. This subcommittee, under my chairmanship, has been active since 1972, and it made a report to its parent committees in the fall of 1974 with recommendations for future action. 

An initial effort by a prior subcommittee of the Committee on Economic Status, involving a survey of a representative number of industrial companies, had developed details on the then-current methods for compensating employee-inventors. The joint subcommittee, however, felt that recommendation of a formal position to be taken by ACS would first require answers to some basic questions, for example ... 

Once the test method has been validated, the ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC) produces a statement or recommendation on the use of the test method. In some cases, regulatory acceptance is achieved via adoption of the test method by a relevant European commission (e.g., a new Commission Regulation) or a new OECD Test Guideline (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)). 

ISO International Organization for Standardization. An international standards-writing body headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, composed of national standards associations from some 55 countries. All member countries are given equal status and are entitled to one vote regardless of size or economic development. Technical work is carried on in committees. 

OECD (1999b) Final record First Meeting of the OECD Validation Management Committee for the Screening and Testing of Endocrine Disrupting Substances — Mammalian Effects, Tokyo, Japan, 8-10 February 1999. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 

An important difference between buildings and what is normally considered as technology is that the latter lacks the fixedness to a particular location that buildings have. Decision making by local committees would therefore not be appropriate in the current economic and political system, decisions about technology have to be made at the national, or in some cases the international, level. However, there is still scope for a system modelled on that for built development. 

OECD, Environment Directorate—Chemicals Group and Management Committee (1998), OECD series on principles of good laboratory practice and compliance monitoring, number 1 OECD Principles on Good Laboratory Practice (Paris Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Joint meeting of the Chemicals Committee and Working Party on Chemicals, OECD, Paris, November 2001. 

OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2002a. Resource compendium of PRTR release estimation techniques. Part 1. Summary of point source techniques. ENV/JM/MONO(2002)20. Paris Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Environment Directorate, Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. 

Evaluation ( La Direction de la Pharmacie et du Medicciment )—This directorate is authorised with the assistance of Scientific Commissions (See Point 4) to conduct the scientific and medical assessment of a medicinal product from its conception through all the stages of development and introduction to the market. It is responsible to the Economic Committee for pricing. It also controls good manufacturing practice (GMP) up to retail distribution (Articles L 512 Code of Public Health [CSP]). 

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