Colorectal cancer evaluation

MSI-H/mismatch repair protein-deficient colorectal cancers, evaluated by either MSI testing or IHC, may have a better survival in subsets of colon cancer patients. This effect may be related to the CpG island methylator phenotype (widespread promoter methyla-tion). MSI-H tumors may also respond differently to... 

Finally patients who fail standard treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer should be encouraged to participate in a clinical trial evaluating new treatment approaches for this incurable disease. Table 88-5 lists options for first- and second-line... 

Oxaliplatin is a novel platinum compound that has shown promising activity in colorectal cancers. It has been associated with up to 60% response rates when used as front-line therapy, and 25-50% response rates in relapsed or refractory colorectal cancer. It is currently being evaluated in a Phase I study with 5-FU and radiation in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (NCI T99-0061). 

The combination of whole-body anatomical (CT) and functional (PET) imaging offers an efficient tool for whole-body staging, restaging and therapy control and functional assessment in one device. PET/CT enables the assessment of the exact tumor volume. Recently, studies evaluating the impact of [ F]-FDG-PET/CT on diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer have been published (Fig. 1) [28-31]. 

In 45 patients with known colorectal cancer. Cohade etal. [28] compared retrospectively the accuracies for staging and restaging of [ F]-FDG-PET/CT versus [1 F]-FDG-PET alone. All p F]-FDG-PET and [ F]-FDG-PET/CT studies were separately evaluated in randomized order. [ Ge] attenuation-corrected images were assessed to reassure that only the added value of CT information was... 

M. Mukai, S. Sadahiro, S. Yasuda, H. Ishida, N. Tokunaga, T. Tajima, H. Makuuchi, Preoperative evaluation by whole-body F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with primary colorectal cancer, Oncol. Rep. 7(1) (2000) 85-87. 

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in women and men in the United States. The current therapeutic options for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy regimens with the addition of irinotecan (CPT-11) or oxaliplatin. It still remains a challenge for oncologists to evaluate the reasons for a wide variation in response and toxicity among patients undergoing systemic 5-FU based chemotherapy. Pharmacogenomics... 

Raedle, J., Brieger, A., Trojan, J., Hardt, T., Herrmann, G., and Zeuzem, S. 1999. Evaluation of rapid microsatellite analysis of paraffin embedded specimens in screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Mod. Pathol. 72 485-491. 

Methods for Evaluating Effects of an Irinotecan + 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin (IFL) Regimen in an Orthotopic Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Model Utilizing In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging... 

Formation of regional lymph node metastasis can be an important step in dissemination of cancer cells. In colorectal cancer, lymph node metastasis frequently occurs in patients (7, 8) and is an important factor in staging the disease. In particular, the metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR number of metastatic lymph nodes/number of examined lymph nodes) is predictive of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in colorectal cancer patients (9, 10). Hence, an animal model of colorectal cancer with measurable lymphatic metastasis that allows for rapid evaluation of the effects of candidate treatment regimens on primary tumor growth and lymph node metastasis would be of great value. 

We have developed a firefly luciferase-expressing HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line, HT-29LP, to realize the benefits of BLI with an orthotopic colorectal cancer model. Primary tumors were established by implantation of HT-29LP cells into the submucosal layer of the rectum of mice, and tumor growth and lymph node metastasis were evaluated. A positive control treatment... 

B. Robinson, N.F. Quenville, B. Liseman, and J. LeRiche. 1992. Prognostic markers of colorectal cancer An evaluation of DNA... 

In addition to these breast cancer trials, trastuzumab is under evaluation for the treatment of other cancers in which HER2 overexpression can occur, including ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer. 

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