Color, pigments titanium dioxide

Pigments. A variety of pigments are added to PVC to give color, including titanium dioxide and carbon black. 

White-colored correction fluids like Liquid Paper and White-Out contain the pigment titanium dioxide (Ti02) and the volatile solvent 1,1,1-trichloroethane or methyl chloroform (CCLCFL). The volatile substances in the correction fluid contribute 50% of the total volume of the product. Correction fluid thinner is simply 100% 1,1,1-trichloroethane solvent,I added to redissolve any solidified titanium dioxide. 

Fig. 5.19 TiOj-mica pigments the dependence of interference color on titanium dioxide layer thickness.

Thermoplastic PEI resins are often colored with various pigments. Titanium dioxide (Ti02) and carbon black are both widely used. Care must... 

Titanium dioxide, in the form of an aqueous dispersion, is added as an opacifying agent It also enhances the color imparted by the pigment. Titanium dioxide is used, despite its expense, because its high refractive index gives it a high opacifying efficiency and it can therefore be used in relatively small quantities with minimal impact on the physical properties of the product... 

White Pigments. Opaque white pigments commonly used in inks, in order of decreasing opacity, ate titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. TiO is by fat the most popular white pigment. Mixtures of whites ate often made with the various colored pigments to add opacity or to make pastel colors. 

Chemical pigments or synthetics may be metal compounds. A good example is white titanium dioxide. Other chemical pigments include cadmium sulfide colors, iron blue, and several synthetic versions of iron oxides. 

Paint pigments do not change colors on appHcation. Other common colors are violet from cobalt(II) phosphate [18475-47-3] pink from cobalt and magnesium oxides, aureolin yellow from potassiuim cobalt(III) nitrite [13782-01-9], KCo(N02)4, and cerulean blue from cobalt staimate [6546-12-5]. Large quantities of cobalt are used at levels of a few ppm to decolori2e or whiten glass and ceramics. Iron oxide or titanium dioxide often impart a yellow tint to various domestic ware. The cobalt blue tends to neutrali2e the effect of the yellow. 

Titanate Pigments. When a nickel salt and antimony oxide are calcined with mtile titanium dioxide at just below 1000°C, some of the added metals diffuse into the titanium dioxide crystal lattice and a yellow color results. In a similar manner, a buff may be produced with chromium and antimony a green, with cobalt and nickel and a blue, with cobalt and aluminum. These pigments are relatively weak but have extreme heat resistance and outdoor weatherabihty, eg, the yellow is used where a light cadmium could not be considered. They are compatible with most resins. 

Inorganics are denser and usually of a larger particle size. Common inorganic pigments include iron oxides in buff colors, titanium dioxide in white, lead and zinc... 

The term FD C color, often seen on ingredients labels, refers to food, drug, and cosmetic colors. These are organic compounds (as opposed to inorganic pigments, such as titanium dioxide) that are so intense in color that it takes only very tiny amounts to color something, and thus they can be used in concentrations so minute that they are safe for consumption. 

Titanium dioxide is brilliant white, highly opaque, chemically inert, and nontoxic. Consequently, it finds wide uses as a pigment in paints and other coatings, in paper, sunscreens, cosmetics, and toothpaste. Almost all white-colored commercial products contain Ti02. ... 

Some inorganic compounds are used as food additives and food colorants. They include titanium dioxide, carbon black, iron oxides, ultramarin, and calcium carbonate. Some of them are important for properties other than the ability to impart color. Titanium is the most commonly used inorganic pigment in food and will be briefly discussed below. ° "°... 

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