Colorants titanium dioxide

Inorganics are denser and usually of a larger particle size. Common inorganic pigments include iron oxides in buff colors, titanium dioxide in white, lead and zinc... 

Tablet opaquant Used to render tablet coating opaque may be used alone or in combination with colorant Titanium dioxide...

Polymer films prepared by Hayes [3] consisting of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)tere-phthalate, lactic acid, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)trimellitate, ethylene glycol, poly (ethylene glycol), and the colorant titanium dioxide were both biodegradable and compostable. 

Dyestuffs and pigments, e.g., chrome yellow, food color, titanium dioxide, paint pigments, etc. Fertilizers, e.g., nitrates, ammonium salts, phosphates, etc. 

Titanium dioxide or titania is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium. It has a wide range of applications, from paint to sunscreen to food coloring. Titanium dioxide occurs in nature as the well-known minerals rutile, anatase and brookite. It is mainly sourced from ilmenite ore, which is the... 

Pigments are also common. Generally when a formulation is pigmented it contains several pigments to give a color match. Carbon black is added to make black formulations white formulations are made with titanium dioxide. For other colors, titanium dioxide is often added to provide a white base so that minor differences in the yellowness of the polymer do not prevent a good color match. 

White Pigments. Opaque white pigments commonly used in inks, in order of decreasing opacity, ate titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. TiO is by fat the most popular white pigment. Mixtures of whites ate often made with the various colored pigments to add opacity or to make pastel colors. 

Chemical pigments or synthetics may be metal compounds. A good example is white titanium dioxide. Other chemical pigments include cadmium sulfide colors, iron blue, and several synthetic versions of iron oxides. 

Pigments. A variety of pigments are added to PVC to give color, including titanium dioxide and carbon black. 

Paint pigments do not change colors on appHcation. Other common colors are violet from cobalt(II) phosphate [18475-47-3] pink from cobalt and magnesium oxides, aureolin yellow from potassiuim cobalt(III) nitrite [13782-01-9], KCo(N02)4, and cerulean blue from cobalt staimate [6546-12-5]. Large quantities of cobalt are used at levels of a few ppm to decolori2e or whiten glass and ceramics. Iron oxide or titanium dioxide often impart a yellow tint to various domestic ware. The cobalt blue tends to neutrali2e the effect of the yellow. 

Certification of Colorants. A further distinction between color additives is made relative to whether there is requirement for FDA certification. In general, only synthetic organic colorants are now subject to certification, whereas natural organic and inorganic colorants, such as turmeric and titanium dioxide, are not. The exemption from certification for a particular colorant holds whether the colorant is obtained from natural sources or is synthetically produced, as in the case of natural and synthetic -carotene. 

Lead, arsenic, and antimony—determined in the solution obtained by boiling 10 g of the titanium dioxide for 15 min in 50 mL of 0.5 Nhydrochloric acid In addition to individual specifications, general specifications have been written for provisionally Hsted certifiable colors ... 

Lakes. Lakes are a special kind of color additive prepared by precipitating a soluble dye onto an approved iasoluble base or substratum. In the case of D C and Ext. D C lakes, this substratum may be alumina, blanc fixe, gloss white, clay, titanium dioxide, 2iac oxide, talc, rosia, aluminum ben2oate, calcium carbonate, or any combination of two or more of these materials. Currentiy, alumina is the only substratum approved for manufactuting FD C lakes. 

W. Kampfer, and E. Stieg, Jr., Color Eng. 44, 35—40, 44 (1967). A description of the manufacture, properties, and uses of titanium dioxide as a colorant for paint, food, plastics, and other materials. 

The initial uses of colorants in plastics were as extenders and additives. Carbon black and titanium dioxide were and are stiU used as fillers (qv) because of their low cost. Almost from plastics inception the limitation of black and white did not offer sufficient color choices for end users looking to differentiate their products. The increase in aesthetic requirements along with different performance requirements and resin compatibiUties led to a great expansion in the number of different chemical classes of colorants and forms in which these colorants are available in today s market. 

Color Concentrates. Color concentrates have become the method of choice to incorporate colorants into resins. Color concentrates have high ratios of colorant to a compatible vehicle. The colorant may be added at 70% colorant to 30% vehicle in a titanium dioxide mixture whereas the ratio may be 15% colorant to 85% vehicle in a carbon black mixture. The amount of colorant that can be added is dependent on the surface area and the oil absorption of the colorant and the wetting abiHty of the vehicle. The normal goal is to get as much colorant in the concentrate as possible to obtain the greatest money value for the product. Furthermore, less added vehicle minimizes the effect on the physical or chemical properties of the resin system. 

Titanate Pigments. When a nickel salt and antimony oxide are calcined with mtile titanium dioxide at just below 1000°C, some of the added metals diffuse into the titanium dioxide crystal lattice and a yellow color results. In a similar manner, a buff may be produced with chromium and antimony a green, with cobalt and nickel and a blue, with cobalt and aluminum. These pigments are relatively weak but have extreme heat resistance and outdoor weatherabihty, eg, the yellow is used where a light cadmium could not be considered. They are compatible with most resins. 

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