Coleoptera bark beetles

Miller, P. R., F. W. Cobb, Jr., and E. Zavarin. Photochemical oxidant injury and bark beetle (Coleoptera Solytidae) infestation of ponderosa pine. III. Effect of injury upon oleoresin composition, phloem carbohydrates, and phloem pH. Hilgardia 39 135-140, 1968. 

Almond bark beetle, Scolytus amygladi (Coleoptera Scolytidae) ... 

Is of serious concern. The role of chemical communication, in relation to proposed control tactics, of predators and bark beetles will be discussed. Emphasis will be on Thanaslmus dublus (F.) (Coleoptera Clerldae) and Medetera blstrlata Parent (Dlptera Dollchopodldae) which are primary predators of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera Scolytidae). 

Seybold S. J., Quilici D. R., Tillman J. A., Vanderwel D., Wood D. L. and Blomquist G. J. (1995) De novo biosynthesis of the aggregation pheromone components ipsenol and ipsdienol by the pine bark beetles Ips paraconfusus Lanier and Ipspini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 8393-8397. 

Barkawi L. S. (2002) Biochemical and molecular studies of aggregation pheromones of bark beetles in the genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera Scolytidae), with special reference to the Jeffrey pine beetle, Dendroctonus jeffreyi Hopkins. PhD thesis. Univ. Nevada, Reno, 193 pp. 

Barkawi L. S., Francke W., Blomquist G. J. and Seybold S. J. (2003) Frontalin de novo biosynthesis of an aggregation pheromone component by Dendroctonus spp. bark beetles (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33, 773-788. 

Borden J. H., Pierce A. M., Pierce H. D., Jr Chong L. J., Stock A. J. and Oehlshlager A. C. (1987) Semiochemicals produced by western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (Coleoptera Scolytidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 13, 823-836. 

Huber D. W. P., Borden J. H., Jeans-Williams N. L. and Gries R. (2000) Differential bioactivity of conophthorin on four species of North American bark beetles (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 132, 649-653. 

Ivarsson P. and Birgersson G. (1995) Regulation and biosynthesis of pheromone components in the double spined bark beetle Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera Scolytidae). J. Insect Physiol. 41, 843-849. 

Lanier G. N., Gore W. E., Pearce G. T., Peacock J. W. and Silverstein R. M. (1977) Response of the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera Scolytidae) to isomers and components of its pheromone. J. Chem. Ecol. 3, 1-8. 

Lindgren B. S. (1992) Attraction of Douglas-fir beetle, spruce beetle and a bark beetle predator (Coleoptera Scolytidae and Cleridae) to enantiomers of frontalin. J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 89, 13-17. 

Lu F. (1999) Origin and endocrine regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in the pine bark beetles, Ips pini (Say) and Ips paraconfusus Lanier (Coleoptera Scolytidae). PhD thesis. Univ. of Reno, Nevada, 152 pp. 

Perez A. L., Gries R., Gries G. and Oehlschlager A. C. (1996) Transformation of presumptive precursors to frontalin and exo-brevicomin by bark beetles and the West Indian sugarcane weevil (Coleoptera). Bioorg. Med. Chem. 4, 445 -50. 

Tittiger C., Blomquist G. J., Ivarsson P., Borgeson C. E. and Seybold S. J. (1999) Juvenile hormone regulation of HMG-R gene expression in the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus (Coleoptera Scolytidae) implications for male aggregation pheromone biosynthesis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 55, 121-127. 

Sahota T. S. and Farris S. H. (1980) Inhibition of flight muscle degradation by precocene II in the spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Can. J. Zool. 58, 378-381. 

Page, M., Nelson, L. J., Haverty, M.I. and Blomquist, G. J. (1990b). Cuticular hydrocarbons as chemotaxonomic characters for bark beetles Dendroctonus ponderosae, D.jeffreyi, D. brevicomis, and D. frontalis (Coleoptera Scolytidae). 

Bark beetles are of great economic importance, which is one of the reasons more research has been done on the pheromones of the Scolytidae than on those of any other family of Coleoptera. Their pheromone systems also seem to be typical of the Coleoptera in that while there is considerable diversity in pheromone structure within this family, there also seems to be a pattern of structures, particularly within a genus. The first pheromone identified from a coleopterous species was from Ips paraconfusus Lanier (then I. confusus) by Silverstein et al. (13). Three compounds — ipsenol (I), ipsdienol (II), and cis-verbenol (III)... 

Loiio PL Jr (1988) Growth and differentiation-balance relationships in pines affect their resistance to bark beetles (Coleoptera Scolytidae). In Mattson WJ, Levieux J, Bemard-Dagan C (eds) Mechanisms of woody plant defenses against insects Search for pattern. Springer, New York, NY, pp 73-92... 

RAFFA, K.F., BERRYMAN, A.A., The role of host plant resistance in the colonization behavior and ecology of bark beetles (Coleoptera Scolytidae)., Ecol. Monogr. 1983,53,27-49. 

BRIGNOLAS, F., LIEUTIER, F., SAUVARD, D., CHRISTIANSEN, E., BERRYMAN, A.A., Phenolic predictors for Norway spruce resistance to the bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera Scolytidae) and an associated fungus, Ceratocystispolonica.. Can. J. For. Res., 1998,28, 720-728. 

One of the best understood pheromone systems in bark beetles is from the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). This species is broadly distributed across North America, and populations can be divided into three distinct groups based on the enantiomeric composition of ipsdienol. Ipsdienol is the major pheromone component produced by pioneer males. Eastern populations synthesize and respond to mostly (+) ipsdienol, while western populations rely on the (-)... 

Evidence accumulated for and against the paradigm that bark beetle pheromone biosynthesis involved direct modification of host precursor monoterpenes. For 1. pini, the issue was laid to rest with the demonstration that male tissues incorporate radio-labeled acetate into ipsdienol in a manner consistent with pheromone production. Similar experiments proved the de novo biosynthesis of frontalin, an important isoprenoid-derived semiochemical produced by male Dendroctonus jeffreyi It is probable that other Coleoptera can also synthesize monoterpenes, either as pheromone components " or defensive compounds. Despite the capacity for de novo biosynthesis, plant precursor modification is likely an important source of pheromone components for some species. In these cases, plant chemicals could enter the pheromone biosynthetic pathway at later steps. 

QUILICI, D.R., De novo biosynthesis of aggregation pheromone components by the pine bark beetles, Ips paraconfusus (Lanier) and Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera Scolytidae), and identification of an interruptant and a synergist produced by Ips pini., Ph.D., 1997, University of Nevada, Reno. 

TILLMAN, J.A., LU, F., STAEHLE, L., DONALDSON, Z DWINELL, S.C., TITTIGER, C., HALL, G.M., STORER, A.J., BLOMQUIST, G.J., SEYBOLD, S.J., Juvenile hormone regulates de novo isoprenoid aggregation pheromone biosynthesis in pine bark beetles, Ips spp. (Coleoptera Scolytidae), through transcriptional control of HMG-CoA reductase, J. Chem. Ecol, 2004,30, 2335-2358. 

WALLIN, K.F., RUTLEDGE, J., RAFFA, K.F., Heritability of host acceptance and gallery construction behaviors of the bark beetle Ips pini (Coleoptera Scolytidae), Environ. Entomol, 2002, 31, 1276-1281. 

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