Coal prepared from Illinois

Table VI. Preliminary Data for Coal Liquid Prepared from Illinois No. 6 Coal and Typical Properties of Original Coal...

Figure 8. Spectra of semicokes prepared from Illinois No. 6 coal at various heat-...

For jet fuels, a visual rating of No. 1 or No. 2 is required at 260°C in the jet fuel thermal oxidation stability test (JFTOT-ASTM D 3241). Also, a pressure drop of less than 25 mm Hg is required in this test, As shown in Table XI, the 250°F+ product from hydrotreated Illinois H-Coal syncrude passes both parts of the JFTOT test, even when the jet fuel is not refined enough to pass three other specifications aromatic content, smoke point, and gum content. When jet fuels are prepared from coal-derived syncrudes, the smoke point appears to be the limiting specification. The gum content and end point specifications are met when the jet fuels are distilled at 600°F. 

Sample Preparation. Herrin No.6 (Illinois No.6) and Indiana No.5 (Illinois No.5) coals obtained from the Illinois Geological Survey Sample Bank were used in this study. The whole coals were split into four fractions each of which was placed in a sealed, 5-gallon drum. The fourth fraction was ground to minus 200 mesh and then introduced into a nitrogen gas powered (100 psi) Sturtevant fluid energy mill. In this device the coal particle size is reduced to the micron level by impaction between coal particles themselves and with the impaction chamber walls. Proximate and elemental data for these micronized coals are reported in Table I. 

Palmer, S.R., Hippo, E.J., Crelling, J.C., and Kruge, M.A. 1992. Characterization and selective removal of organic sulfur from Illinois Basin coals. Coal Preparation, 10 93-106. 

Two high-organic sulfur bituminous coals (IBC-107 and C-2) and one low organic sulfur bituminous coal (IBC-109) were selected as precursors to prepare the activated carbons. The IBC-107 and IBC-109 coals were obtained from Illinois Basin Coal Sample Program [30]. C-2 coal was directly mined from active Illinois coal basins. Samples were initially crushed to about 5 mm size particles and then pulverized (Holmes Model 500) and ground (Quaker City Model 4-E) to decrease the particle size to less than 1 mm. Samples were subsequently sieved with U.S. standard sieves (Tyler Standard Screen) to obtain -16 -i- 65 mesh (1.000-0.210 mm) samples. 

The coals used were PSOC 1098 Illinois 6 and Beulah-Zap North Dakota lignite from the Argonne coal bank. The analytical data of these coals are shown in Table I. The ratio of catalyst to coal was approximately 0.6 mmoles of metal per gram of coal. The organometallic catalysts were molybdenum(II) acetate dimer, Mo2(OAc)4, obtained from Strem, molybdenum(II) allyl dimer Mo2(OAc)4, was prepared by die method of Cotton and Pipal (25). The NiMo supported catalyst was prepared by addition of bis(l,5-cyclooctadiene) Ni(0) (Strem) to sulfided Mo on alumina (. Cp2Mo2( l-SH)2(p.-S)2, referred to as MoS2(OM), was prepared by modification of method of Dubois et al. (26), and Cp2Mo2Co2( i3-S)2(li4-S)(CO)4, CoMo(OM) was prepared by the method of Curtis et al. (27). Pentacarbonyl iron was obtained from Aldrich,... 

The SRC s used in this study were obtained from the SRC process demonstration unit operated by Southern Services Inc. in Wilsonville, Alabama. Three SRC s were studied and these products were derived from the following coals Illinois No. 6 Burning Star, Illinois No. 6 Monterey, and Wyodak (Amax). The as-received SRC s were wet owing to a water quench and therefore each SRC was dried carefully before sampling and analysis. The vacuum resid was prepared by laboratory vacuum distillation of an atmospheric resid obtained from a commercial refinery source. The identification and source of the coal liquid samples used in this study along with other pertinent information are presented in Table I. 

Sample Selection and Preparation. Samples were selected from two high-volatile bituminous coals, namely, Illinois No. 6 bright coal and an eastern Kentucky splint coal from Perry County. The choice of these coals was based on the desire to contrast the fine structure of coals of equal rank but of different lithotypes. For both coals the samples were obtained from limited regions of their respective coal seams. Detailed coal petrography was performed on these samples, and TEM specimens were subsequently selected from representative polished blocks. 

In North America, the Hopi Indians, in what is now the U.S. Southwest, used coal for cooking and have been known (since the eleventh century) to use coal for heating and to bake the pottery from clay. Coal was later rediscovered in the United States by explorers in 1673—the first record of coal in the United States shows up in a map of the Illinois River prepared by Louis Joliet and Father Jacques Marquette in 1673-1674 (they labeled the coal deposits charbon de terre). In 1701, coal was... 

It is partieularly pertinent here to compare hydrogenated coal liquids with crude oil. For example, a eoal liquid prepared by hydrogenating Illinois No. 6 coal was distilled and only the material boiling below 525°C (975°F) was used for eomparison and, thus, the coal liquid differed from conventional erude oil in having no heavy ends. This synthetic crude oil had an API gravity of 25.2, specific gravity of 0.9030, pour point of -19°C (66°F), Reid vapor pressure of 1.0 psi, viseos-ity at 15.6°C (60°F) of 37.9 SU, and sulfur eontent of 0.13%. These values are not at all out of line... 

A carbon development program was initiated at the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) to investigate the effects of different carbon types, carbon structures, and carbon surface functional groups on the rate and extent of adsorption of vapor-phase mercury. The results from a study to prepare Illinois coal-based activated carbons are presented. Carbon products were made both in bench- and pilot-scale reactors. 

Two series, AC and FBR, of Illinois coal-derived activated carbon (ICDAC ) were prepared ICDACs were produced according to a three-step process. Typically about 100 g samples of sieved coal was pre-oxidated (air, 225°C, 1-3 hr), pyrolyzed (Nv, 400°C, 1 hr) to form char, and then activated with steam (50%H2O/50%N2, 825°C, 1-7 hr) to produce ICDAC. AC-1 to AC-5 carbons were prepared using 3 hr of activation time. AC-63 and FBR-45 series carbons were prepared at activation times ranging from 1 to 7 hr. For example AC-63-3 refers to a AC-63 carbon prepared using 3 hr of activation time. For characterization and mercury tests, samples were ground 15-20 pm (Microtrac II analyzer). 

Merchant, A.A., and Petrich, M.A., Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from scrap tires, almond shells, and Illinois coal, Chem. Eng. Commun., 118, 251-264 (1992). 

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