CN reaction

A method that has been the standard of choice for many years is the Lowry procedure. This method uses Cn ions along with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, a combination of phosphomolybdic and phosphotnngstic acid complexes that react with Cn. Cn is generated from Cn by readily oxidizable protein components, such as cysteine or the phenols and indoles of tyrosine and tryptophan. Although the precise chemistry of the Lowry method remains uncertain, the Cn reaction with the Folin reagent gives intensely colored products measurable spectrophotometrically. 

Encephalitides, gastroenteritis, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (especially in children and the elderly or debilitated), and CNS reactions have occurred when used during acute febrile illness. 

Similarity to TCAs Cyclobenzaprine is closely related to the TCAs. In short-term studies for indications other than muscle spasm associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions, and usually at doses greater than those recommended, some of the more serious CNS reactions noted with the TCAs have occurred. Pregnancy Category B. 

Anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions may occur following administration of any dose or course of muromonab-CD3. Serious and occasionally life-threatening systemic, cardiovascular, and CNS reactions have been reported. These have included the following Pulmonary edema, especially in patients with volume overload shock cardiovascular collapse cardiac or respiratory arrest seizures coma. Hence, a patient being treated with muromonab-CD3 must be managed in a facility equipped and staffed for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 

Melarsoprol is a divalent arsenical. It reacts with sulfhydryl groups. Melarsoprol is used for the late stage of sleeping sickness. It has to be administered intravenously. Slow i.v. injection is recommended. It is widely distributed and enters the CNS. It has a very short elimination half-life as it is biotransformed to a pentavalent arsenical. Adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal toxicity causing severe vomiting and abdominal pain. CNS reactions are most serious as the encephalopathy may be fatal. Hemolytic anemia may... 

Tolmetin (Tolectin) is indicated for the relief of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and moderate pain. It is ineffective in gouty arthritis for unknown reasons. Tolmetin can inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 but has a moderate selectivity for COX-1. The most frequently reported side effects are GI disturbance and CNS reactions (e.g., headache, asthenia, and dizziness). These effects are less frequently observed than after aspirin or indomethacin use. Blood pressure elevation, edema, and weight gain or loss have been associated with tolmetin administration. Tolmetin metabolites in urine have been found to produce pseudoproteinuria in some laboratory tests. 

Paradoxical CNS reactions, such as excitement or restlessness in the elderly (generally noted during first 2 wk of therapy, particularly in presence of uncontrolled pain)... 

Assess the patient for paradoxical CNS reactions, particularly early in therapy... 

Moderate —usually occurring in the range of 2.0 to 2.5 mEq/L and most often characterized by coarse tremors and other CNS reactions, confusion or delirium, and pronounced ataxia... 

Basco and Norrish25 followed the rate of decay of CN radicals produced in the flash photolysis of either C2N2 or BrCN. With NO present, the decay was enhanced. From an analysis of the data, a rate constant for the NO—CN reaction was deduced. It is either 2 x 109 M 1 sec-1 or 1 x 1011 M 2 sec-1 with N2 as a chaperone, depending... 

The replacement of X by pyridine in the complex PtX(dien)+ to give Pt(dien)py2+ (equation 549) has been studied under controlled conditions with a range of leaving groups X. These data are shown in Table is.1 87-1988 From these data the leaving group order is NOj > H20 > Cl- > Br > I- > N3 > SCN- > NO2 > CN-. Reactions such as these must be carried out under thermal conditions for accurate comparison since photoaquation can occur, albeit with a rather low quantum yield.1989 The volumes of activation of these reactions (equation 550) are all negative. An associative mechanism is proposed for the nucleophilic dependent path, but for the nucleophile independent pathway both associative and dissociative mechanisms need to be considered.1990... 

The most common cardiovascular adverse effects are palpitations, tachycardia, and elevated blood pressure. The most common adverse CNS reactions are over-stimulation, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria, dyskinesia, tremor, and headache. The most common adverse gastrointestinal reactions are dryness of mouth, unpleasant taste, diarrhea, and constipation. Other adverse reactions can include urticaria, impotence, and/or changes in libido (137). 

Adverse effects Amantadine s side effects are mainly associated with the CNS. Minor neurologic symptoms include insomnia, dizziness, and ataxia. More serious side effects have been reported (for example, hallucinations, seizures). The drug should be employed cautiously in patients with psychiatric problems, cerebral atherosclerosis, renal impairment, or epilepsy. Rimantadine causes fewer CNS reactions since it does not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. Amantadine and rimantadine should be used with caution in pregnant and nursing mothers, because they have been found to be embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats. 

DeSilva, B. S., Orosz, G., Egodage, K. L., Carlson, R. G., Schowen, R. L., Wilson, G. S. (2000) Catalytic antibodies for complex reactions hapten design and the importance of screening for catalysis in the generation of catalytic antibodies for the NDA/CN reaction, Appl. Biochem. andBiotechn. 83, 195-208. 

Soybean oil is widely used intramuscularly as a drug vehicle or as a component of emulsions used in parenteral nutrition regimens it is also consumed as an edible oil. Generally, soybean oil is regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, serious adverse reactions to soybean oil emulsions administered parenterally have been reported. These include cases of hypersensitivity, CNS reactions, " and fat embolism. " Interference with the anticoagulant effect of warfarin has also been reported. ... 

Adverse CNS effects occur when the procaine portion of the procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin) formulation is given intravascularly. The signs of toxicity include hyperexcitability, muscle tremors, ataxia, apnea and cardiac arrest. There is no specific treatment for procaine toxicity one can only attempt to prevent the horse from injuring itself and others imtil the effects of the procaine wear off. The CNS reaction can be prevented by pretreatment with diazepam. The solubility of the procaine fraction of procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin) formulations increases with increasing ambient temperature, so these products should be stored in a cool place to reduce the risk of reactions. Procaine is a common cause of positive drug tests in racehorses and other performance horses. Procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin) should be avoided in these animals. 

Austad246 247 has published the results of a study of the reactions of CN with S4Or246 and (XCN)2 (X = S or Se)247 in anhydrous acetonitrile. He postulates that the mechanism of the CN"—S4Oi interaction involves nucleophilic displacement of ionic S203 by CN" [reaction (53)] followed by... 

In the last decades there has been much interest in the reaction of the cyano radicals, CN(x2e+), with a variety of molecules, mainly because of their implication in combustion chemistry [1]. For this reason extensive studies of CN reactions with simple molecules of relevance in combustion, amongst which are simple unsaturated hydrocarbons, were performed [2 5]. More recently, a renewed interest in the reactions of CN radicals with simple unsaturated hydrocarbons has arisen because of their alleged role in some... 

Certainly the perspective from which neutral-neutral reactions were considered changed significantly after a series of sophisticated experiments on the rate constants for CN reactions with acetylene, methylacetylene, and ethylene [55,56]. From these studies experimental evidence was given that... 

A comparison with the CN reactions with acetylene and methylacetylene is in order. In all cases, the CN radical attacks a rr orbital of the alkyne on the carbon side and the cisjtrans doublet radical intermediates are formed. Whereas the acetylenic carbon atoms in acetylene and dimethylacetylene are chemically equivalent, methylacetylene is asymmetric and is characterized... 

The kdi path gives a retention plus (1-a) of the same products indicated in Table IV. Using the rate constants from the unsubstituted Fe(phen)32+/CN- reaction, which assumes first step of the Fe(mphen)32+/CN reaction can be calculated. The results for three concentrations (from two different A-fac reactant preparations) are listed in Table V. ----... 

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