Clonidine patch

Broderick-Cantwell, J.J. (1999) Case study accidental clonidine patch overdose in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 95-98. 

Injection of botulinum toxin A at the site of problematic tics is sometimes helpful. Treatment of any associated attention deficit disorder (eg, with clonidine patch, guanfacine, pemoline, methylphenidate, or dextroamphetamine) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or clomipramine) may be required. Bilateral thalamic stimulation is sometimes worthwhile in otherwise intractable cases. 

Clonidine patches Antihypertensive Activation of Herpes simplex-, hyperpigmentation (SEDA-13, 128)... 

Clonidine patch (Catapres-TTS) 0.1-0.3 1 weekly hypertension most effective if used with a... 

Methyidopa (Aldomet) 250-1000 2 diuretic to diminish fluid retention clonidine patch is replaced once per week... 

Recent results have shown that people like to wear their medicine as a skin patch. In a study comparing a seven-day clonidine patch with once-a-... 

TABLE 33-7. Sample Regimen of Clonidine for Withdrawal from All Opioids Except Methadone and Fentanyl (Duragesic ) Patches... 

Chemo-therapeut rug Toxic Clonidine Megestrol (Megace) 0.1 mg patch weekly 20-40 mg PO BID-QID... 

Catapress TTS -2 Patch (clonidine HC1 Apply to upper arm or chest. q7d. ud... 

Besides the tablet form, clonidine is also available in a patch that is worn on the arm and changed once every 5-7 days. Once the appropriate dose has been found using oral clonidine, both children and adults can be switched to the patch. The patch provides more consistent levels of the medication and obviously minimizes the potential for rebound effects due to poor compliance. This patch does sometimes cause local skin irritation. Rotating the application site from arm to arm each week can minimize this. 

Clonidine is also available as a transdermal patch (Catapres-TTS [transdermal therapeutic system]) that has the advantages of avoiding the need for repeated doses during the day and of reportedly lower rates of dry mouth and drowsiness (Burris, 1993). Steady-state plasma levels are reached within 2-3 days after applying the patch and clonidine concentrations reportedly diminish gradually over 2-3 days following patch removal, without rebound hypertension in adult hyper-... 

Harmon Clonidine Open-label n = 7 Moderate—great improvement in ag- Sedation, patch... 

Clonidine is lipid-soluble and rapidly enters the brain from the circulation. Because of its relatively short half-life and the fact that its antihypertensive effect is directly related to blood concentration, oral clonidine must be given twice a day (or as a patch, below) to maintain smooth blood pressure control. However, as is not the case with methyldopa, the dose-response curve of clonidine is such that increasing doses are more effective (but also more toxic). 

Clonidine, methyldopa Activate K-2 adrenoceptors Reduce central sympathetic outflow reduce norepinephrine release from noradrenergic nerve endings Hypertension clonidine also used in withdrawal from abused drugs Oral t clonidine also patch Toxicity sedation t methyldopa hemolytic anemia... 

Other types of drugs using this delivery system are clonidine and timolol (antihypertensives).estradiol (postmenopausal prophylaxis), fentanyl (opiate analgesic), and nicotine ("the patch"). 

Clonidine (Catapres), a high blood pressure medication, can be prescribed orally or as a patch for nicotine addiction and doubles the quit rate. It appears to reduce craving for tobacco but does not consistently reduce other withdrawal symptoms. The antidepressant nor-triptylene (Pamelor) triples the quit rate. However, both... 

Nicotine dependence may respond to replacement therapy with either nicotine gum or transdermal patches, and detoxification from nicotine dependence has been described using clonidine. Bupropion, an antidepressant, also shows efficacy for smoking cessation. The nicotinic receptor blocker mecamylamine, which has good central nervous system access, has been used with limited efficacy. Overall, success rates for smoking abstinence at 1 year are about 20%, with even less success for depressed smokers. 

Figure 8.7 Plasma concentration of clonidine versus time profile during and subsequent to the 7-day application of a 5 cm2 Catapres-TTS patch (Modified from Rnepp, V.M. Hadgraft, J. and Guy, R.H. (1987) CRC Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems. 4, 13-37)...

Clonidine is a potent antihypertensive agent which is well absorbed from the GI tract (95%). The dmg has a relatively long half-life (6-20 h) and a modest clearance (13 L h ). The rationale for the development of transdermal clonidine was to reduce side-effects and to improve patient compliance. Catapres-TTS, a reservoir-type patch, reached the market in 1985 in a form designed to remain in place and to deliver dmg for 7 days. Dose titration was possible via the use of systems of different active areas (3.5, 7.0, and 10.5 cm2). The control of dmg delivery over 7 days is impressive, and avoids the peaks and valleys of conventional (twice-a-day) oral administration (Figure 8.7). However, this system has not achieved as wide a success as first seemed likely because of skin sensitization. Clonidine itself, when administered transdermally on a chronic, repetitive basis, induces in a significant fraction of patients a classic immunologic skin reaction, and this has severely attenuated its use. 

Catapres TTS is the first and only transdermal patch approved by the FDA for the treatment of hypertension. Catapres TTS contains the active ingredient clondidine and was approved in 1985 [27], Catapres TTS is a seven-day patch and is a membrane-moderated transdermal patch. The patch comes in three sizes, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/day. In addition there is also a burst dose of clonidine in the adhesive layer. The presence of the burst doses provides an immediate-release dose of clonidine which promotes rapid systemic levels of the drug. 

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