Clinical breast examination

BSE, breast self-examination CBE, clinical breast examination NR, not recommended , insufficient data to recommend for or against. 

Clinical breast examination 40 and over F Every year 20-39 Every 3 years... 

For many young women, a major reason for visiting a clinician is to seek contraception. Clinicians may use this opportunity to provide health maintenance/disease prevention by counseling about reproductive health and sexually transmitted diseases. It always has been tradition that hormonal contraception is provided with clinical breast and pelvic examinations. However, the need for the physical... 

One year later, the female patient returns to your clinic for a routine examination. She reports that she is 8 weeks pregnant, so she has not been taking her AR medication. She is especially troubled by severe congestion but also reports rhinorrhea and sneezing. She asks you to recommend a medication that will be "safe for her baby." She also would like to breast-feed after her baby is born and wonders if any medications are safe in breast-feeding. 

Shrinkage in tumor size is a useful measure of clinical response, and this effect can be demonstrated by physical examination, chest film or other x-ray, or special scanning procedures such as bone scanning (breast, prostate cancer), CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasonography. 

In an evaluation of the frequency and clinical characteristics of the underlying connective tissue disorders associated with silicone breast implants, 300 women with silicone breast implants were studied (45). In addition to a history and physical examination, C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and autoantibodies were determined. Criteria for fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome were met by 54% connective tissue diseases were detected in 11% and undifferentiated connective tissue disease or human adjuvant disease in 10.6%. A variety of disorders, such as angioedema, frozen shoulder, and a multiple sclerosis-like syndrome, were also found. Several other miscellaneous conditions, including recurrent and unexplained low grade fever, hair loss, skin rash, symptoms of the sicca sjmdrome, Rajmaud s phenomenon, carpal tunnel syndrome, memory loss, headaches, chest pain, and shortness of breath were also seen. Of 93 patients who underwent explantation, 70% reported improvement in their systemic symptoms. 

Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in Western societies. In the past decade, the incidence has risen by 25% and the lifetime risk (from 0 to 74 years) for white women developing breast cancer is around 7-8%.77 A combination of physical examination, mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology or needle core biopsy (triple assessment) is currently the most sensitive method for preoperative diagnosis of clinically and radiographically detected breast lesions. 

---