Client-server system

Commercial LIMS appeared on the market in the early 1980s. These operated on then state-of-the-art minicomputers such as the 16-bit Hewlett-Packard 1000 and 32-bit Digital VAX system. By the late 1980s, several DOS-based PC LIMS operating on the primitive PC network were available. By the early 1990s, most LIMS started using commercial relational database technology and client/server systems, which operated on UNIX or the new Windows NT platform. The most advanced LIMS utilize server-based architecture to ensure system security and control. 

Make a layer of business objects. In a client-server system, they typically reside on the server (although this strategy is independent of their location). The business objects correspond closely to the types found in the business model and deal with users concepts, roles, departments, and so on (see Figure 16.5). As the business changes, it is this layer that is updated. 

The client/server model often allows easier integration with other network applications (eg, finance, project management, or human resources) which typically operate in the environment of the server component of the client/server system. Client/server can be gradually introduced in an existing minicomputer environment, often with litde adverse incremental impact in terms of retraining and additional cost. 

Beilstein Database are described in The Beilstein System Strategies for Effective Searching, ed. S. R. Heller (Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1997). In the 1990s, the Beilstein Institute together with MDL produced an Internet-based client-server system of the Beilstein Database, CrossFire Beilstein, which is now owned and updated by Elsevier Information Systems, Frankfurt. 

At the present moment, a switchover is taking place in the mode of operating the database access environment from the old C/S (client server) system to a method employing the concept of a distributed database such as the World Wide Web using the Internet. A distributed database is being constructed hat uses data and monogr hs in the... 

Pipeline Pilot is deployed as a client/server system, with desktop PCs connecting to a central service-oriented architecture deployed on an Apache Web server. The server maintains a repository of components and protocols, in addition to its role as a computational engine. Jobs are spawned to run protocols and provide feedback to the client. These facilities are exposed as standard Web services. 

Most prominent in SAP s product range are enterprise applications R/2 and R/3 R/2 applications are for mainframe environments, and the more recent R/3 applications are for open client-server systems. With both R/2 and R/3, customers can opt to install the core system and one or more of the functional components or purchase the software as a complete package. 

Since vendors began releasing RDBMS (relational database management system) products in the 1970s, the processing model in which various business data are divided into distributed databases and are accessed via network has been widely adopted. Client/server systems are composed of the various functional elements associated with data processing. 

Davis, T, Ed., Securing Client/Server Computer Networks, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996. Edwards, J., 3-Tier Client/Server at Work, Rev. Ed., John WUey Sons, New York, 1999. Menasce, D. A., Almeida, V. A. F., and Dowdy, L. W, Capacity Planning and Performance Modeling From Mainframes to Client-Server Systems, Prentice HaU, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994. 

Renaud, P. E., Introduction to Client/Server Systems, John WUey Sons, New York, 1993. Vaughn, L. T, Client/Server System Design and Implementation, McGraw-HUl, New York, 1994. 

Bandwidth(s), 213-232 and managed bandwidth services, 250 for networked collaboration, 234 and object caches, 245 and speed of information transfer, 236 Banking industry client/server systems in, 735-736 personnel scheduUng in, 1743 Barlett s test, 2255-2256 Barnes Noble, 262... 

CSGs (Constructive Solid Models), 182 C/S systems, see Client/server systems CTA, see Cognitive task analysis CTDs, see Cumulative trauma disorders CTP (capable-to-promise), 2046 CTS, see Ctupal tunnel syndrome Cuban Missile Crisis, 139 Culture. See also National culture Oigemizational culture and eilignment of technology/oiganizational structure, 956-961 safety, 959-961 Culture shift, 14, 16 Culture systems, 15-16, 1798 Cumulative distribution function (CDF), 2385-2386... 

These collections have recently become available for searching through a web based client/server system called SpecSurf written by the company LabControl in Cologne, Germany. Specinfo on the Intemef is hosted by the Wiley New York server at http //specinfo.wiley.com/ [9]. In order to make proper use of the Java programming a small additional free program needs to be installed on your PC to enhance your browser but this is simple to carry out and weU documented. 

Client-server systems have their functionality split between a server system and multiple client systems. 

Although familiarity with the printed Beilstein Handbook is a useful skill for an organic chemist to have, in reality few chemists still use the printed version today. In the mid-1990s, the Beilstein Institute launched an online service that revolutionized the use of this extraordinary tool. The Crossfire system provides online access to the database of over eight million compounds, nine million reactions, and 36 million individual data points, through a dedicated client-server system that is accessed via the Internet. 

Optical library systems fit well into a large computer-based environment, such as client-server systems, peer-to-peer local area networks, or mainframe-based systems. In such environments, there is a distinct storage hierarchy based on cost/access tradeoff of various types of data. This hierarchy is shown schematically in Fig. 14.22 asapyramid. The highest section of the pyramid contains the highest performance and highest cost type of memory. The most inexpensive (on a cost/megabyte) basis and lowest performance is that of tape. Optical libraries are an... 

We would stress that CrossFire is an excellent example of this sort of interactive involvement of the end user, with practically immediate response times, but is by no means the only system attempting to provide this. However, the example is particularly relevant because of the fact that the Beilstein file under traditional access at the online hosts STN and DIALOG displays no possibility of such fluent combination of document, substance, property, and reaction views, and substructure searching can be at least an order of magnitude slower. That this is not due to an inherent deficit of online files as opposed to inhouse files is shown by the fact that many subscribers to CrossFire do use this client/server system via remote access (i.e., by the telephone system, online). Rather, it is an indication of the flexibility, immediacy, and integration... 

Until 1995 Sample management, entry of results, printing of reports, information system for the organization, CAQ, optimization Integration of all relevant parts of the organization All users in information unit Client server systems, relational databases, UNIX, PC networks (WIN)... 

---