Clients responsibilities

To write a single complete spec for the action—for example, to define in one contract what the implementor must code, and the caller must be careful of before invocation— both forms are equivalent. The explicit pre/post form makes the client responsibility a bit more visible. The caller is responsible for invoking this operation only when the precondition is true the implementor can assume the precondition is satisfied and must then guarantee the postcondition. 

For example, it is not uncommon when working in a mental health inpatient unit to see medication administered to reduce or eliminate violent or self-destructive behavior. The medication s sedative effect will calm one person immediately and may produce sleep another client of similar age, weight, and height may remain extremely combative. In order to achieve the same result, the second client may require a subsequent dose. Why does this happen There are no definitive or easy explanations for variability in client responses to medications. In many cases the combination of the client s unique biological system coupled with the variability of medications confirms that the use and application of medication is not an exact science. 

This guideline describes methods to help the chemical processing industry apply the CCPS chemical process safety concepts to outsourced manufacturing operations, specifically the tolling vendor-client relationship. In addition to the focus on process safety, information and examples provided in this text foster good practices relative to community and worker health, and environmental responsibility. 

There is a wide spectrum of philosophies regarding the level of participation required from the client. Some clients choose to remain at arm s length from the toll operation in an effort to establish a distinct separation of responsibilities. Such clients may audit the toller s HS E program on a periodic basis and do little else. 

When assessing potential tollers for a project where an international presence is prescribed or simply expanding your selection of available tollers, the same basic approach presented here can be used. However, some elements may need to be implemented differently, expanded, or combined to accurately depict a toller s capabilities when crossing national and cultural boundaries. A client should still seek the same ethics regarding safety, environmental responsibility, quality and contractual obligations as described previously. 

Once a toller has been selected and any required preliminary confidentiality protection is in place, the client typically shares more detailed information. The toller can then make an informed decision about the economic, technical, and safety aspects involved in bidding the work. If the two parties decide the project will be mutually beneficial, agreements and obligations are negotiated and then formalized in a written contract. Both parties—the client and the toller—have roles in fulfilling the contract and in carrying out their responsibilities to the workers and the public. The purpose of the written contract is to clarify and document those roles and responsibilities to effectively execute, maintain and eventually terminate the project. 

Should the toller or their client be responsible for final product qualification (that is, certificates of analysis)... 

The client should learn about the toller s planned operation, and as part of their product stewardship responsibilities, audit the toller regarding HS E practices. 

The roles and responsibilities of the toller and their client are spelled out in the contract. For example, some of the toller s responsibilities may be ... 

The toller and client should evaluate any special emergency response needs for the toll and determine whether these need to be addressed in the contract. 

The general purpose of an audit may be to determine if the toller has management systems and documented procedures in place to ensure process safety, environmental responsibility, product quality and traceability of materials. The need to audit could be to evaluate compliance with regulations or accordance with client requirements related to specific performance elements. A subjective rating system for ranking management systems audit results is often used. An example of one that might be appropriate is shown below ... 

It is essential to develop contacts within both companies to create an atmosphere of two-way communication. The toller should feel comfortable in asking for advice or assistance and this is best achieved by building rapport with their primary contacts from their client company. After an audit, the points of contact can be assigned responsibility for ensuring completion of individual action items. 

Process hazard analyses, waste manifests, bills of lading, employee exposure data and other records may need to be maintained beyond the life of the toll. It is typically the toller s responsibility to maintain records of activities that occurred at their site although the client company may choose to keep duplicate records when deemed appropriate. Some of these documents may be proprietary and should be maintained as such. 

The client s personnel who had close involvement in the toll can best determine the toller s future status. A recommendation to use the toller again can be based upon the total experience including audit results and the toller s action item follow-up. A safe, responsive, conscientious toller that met the commercial requirements of the toll contract will most likely be given consideration on future tolls. As discussed in Chapter 2, The Toller Selection Process this recommendation can ease any future selection process for both parties when the toller in question is known to be technically capable. 

Have the responsibilities for loading and discharging been clearly defined with your client ... 

The assessor should establish whether in the contract with the client those responsibilities are defined for example, who is loading or discharging the truck (the driver or the supplying or receiving facilities personnel ) or is the ship/ shore interface established ... 

The emergency plan should state the action to be taken, by whom, to inform the local authorities, and the client. In turn the plan should detail the response to overcome the problem quickly. 

The responsibilities of contractors and subcontractors have been the subject of much debate. Therefore, it has become more commonplace for clients, who may have in-house personnel and resources adequate to perform cleanups, to hire subcontractors. These subcontractors could include all of those mentioned in the previous example, along with an oversight contractor. All of these subcontractors could bill the client directly for services or could bill the oversight contractor. Typically,... 

There are also disadvantages to this type of relationship. It can be costly to the client as mentioned above. An unscrupulous or irresponsible contractor may try to take advantage of the unsophisticated client. The unsophisticated client might accept responsibility that a sophisticated or experienced client might not accept. Legal action may take place. 

He graduated with a Ph.D. from the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto and has been responsible for specialized consulting and engineering design services for over 1000 industrial and government clients in the environnentai field. 

An example would be where the consultant had already invited competitive quotations for supplying air-handling units so that he could design a particular make into the system and ensure that his client received the best value for money. The bidder would include in his bid, either separately shown or in the body of his figures, a sum to cover profit and on-cost in handling the equipment. The contractor appointed would be responsible for organizing delivery and would give a warranty on the equipment, in accordance with the contract. This aspect is amplified in Section 8.20. 

Because the client has instructed him to use a firm which was not of his choice, the main contractor could claim damages in the form of loss and/or expenses from his client. Where the principal contractor has brought in his own domestic sub-contractor, then he is responsible for his actions. That is the main reason domestic subcontracts have become popular. The client must decide upon which trade will become the main contractor. In building matters, it is usual for the main contractor to be a firm who can carry out the most substantial works, and this will be a general building firm. Some general building firms carry their own mechanical and electrical departments, which reduce the need for sub-contractors. 

It only seems natural that the responsibility for the development of engineering standards would rest with management consulting firms who have access to the work done by various clients and who can pool the data and... 

What behaviours are associated with each of these If, for example, one of your competencies is customer responsiveness, the behaviours associated with it might include reacts to client needs in a timely and effective manner clarifies client expectations checks for safisfacfion priori-fizes client needs anticipates client needs. 

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