Signal transduction mechanism

FIGURE 5.43 Signal transduction mechanism for dendritic molecule 42, through a self-immolative reaction sequence. 

G-PROTEIIM-COUPLED RECEPTORS CONSTITUTE A UNIFYING SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION MECHANISM... 

Neary JT Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Miami, FL Effects of lead on nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth and branching due to an interaction of lead with signal transduction mechanisms important for neuronal differentiation Department of Veterans Affairs, Research and Development... 

Roy, D. Belsham, D. D. (2002). Melatonin receptor activation regulates GnRH gene expression and secretion in GT1-7 GnRH neurons. Signal transduction mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 251-8. 

Fig. 5 Proposed signal transduction mechanisms that stimulate the pheromone biosynthetic pathway in Helicoverpa zea and Bombyx mori. It is proposed that PBAN binds to a G protein-coupled receptor present in the cell membrane that upon PBAN binding will induce a receptor-activated calcium channel to open causing an influx of extracellular calcium. This calcium binds to calmodulin and in the case of B. mori will directly stimulate a phosphatase that will dephosphorylate and activate a reductase in the biosynthetic pathway. In H. zea the calcium-calmodulin will activate adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP that will then act through kinases and/or phosphatases to stimulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the biosynthetic pathway...

L.J. Ignarro, Nitric-Oxide - A novel signal transduction mechanism for transcellular communication. 

Drug-receptor interactions Dose-response relationships Molecular modeLs of receptors and signal transduction mechanisms Biotr an s fo r m ati on Ph ar macokine t ios Ph armacody namics... 

The signal transduction mechanisms by which most interleukins prompt their biological response are understood, in outline at least. In many cases, interleukin cell surface receptor binding is associated with intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation events. In other cases, serine and threonine residues of specific intracellular substrates are also phosphorylated. For some interleukins,... 

As mentioned above, activation of TrkA by NGF may result in cellular proliferation, differentiation or survival. Exactly how different TrkA-induced signal transduction mechanisms are translated into each one of these functions is incompletely understood. It has been suggested that proliferation and differentiation are mediated by activation of the MAPK cascade while survival is mediated by activation of PI-3-K. The competing actions of neurotrophins on... 

When upstream signaling transduction mechanisms contributing to DON-medi-ated apoptosis were investigated in cloned macrophages, specific inhibition of PKR and Hck additively suppressed DON-induced caspase-3 activity and apoptosis as well as p38, ERK, and JNK phosphorylation.59 Inhibition of PKR and Hck also inhibits DON-induced binding and enzyme activity of p53. 

Few chemical sensing mechanisms (other than bulk quenching) have been described for neutral molecules nevertheless, many small analytes of interest are uncharged glucose, for example. Of course, most carbohydrates are neither fluorescent nor are they fluorescence quenchers novel signal transduction mechanisms are required. 

We do not yet have a full understanding of the photopigments and signal transduction mechanisms underlying photic entrainment of circadian rhythms and other non-visual irradiance detection tasks. However, the following findings constrain possible models for circadian phototransduction (summarized in Table 1) ... 

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