Clamping system

Implement frequent maintenance of sealing surfaces and clamping systems... 

To protect clamping system, use dissimilar metals to prevent galling on threaded fasteners... 

Clamping Systems In order to keep the mould halves tightly closed when the melt is being injected under high pressures it is necessary to have a clamping system. This may be either (a) hydraulic or (b) mechanical (toggle) - or some combination of Ae two. 

Nozzles Shutoff Valves Gas injection Equipment Qukkmold-Clamping Systems... 

Taken together, the limited experiments conducted using neuronal cell cultures illustrate a distinct difference in the way that pyrethroids modify ion conductance and subsequent neurotransmitter release under resting and depolarized conditions. Continued efforts utilizing recent new tools like automated patch-clamp systems and MEAs to assess the effects of pyrethroids on the kinetics and voltage-dependent gating of ion channels in primary cultures or transfected cells is likely to provide new insight into the neurotoxicity of pyrethroids [79, 82]. 

The force needed to close the mold can be substantial. This is a particularly important problem for large area molds with a high-fiber loading because the pressure to compact the fibers can be high. In addition, the clamping system must resist the full injection pressure without leakage at the mold seals. 

The choice of clamping system is very much dependent on the rate of production. Conventional threaded bolts are the simplest choice, but they may also be the most cost efficient for low volume production with cycle times in the range of hours. On the other hand, for high-volume production mold closing as well as mold opening must be achieved much quicker, and the choice may be a hydraulically driven mold carrier. 

Dynamic mechanical analyzers can further be divided into free resonance analyzers and forced resonance analyzers. In the case of free resonance analyzers, samples are allowed to oscillate freely (e.g., at their natural frequency) until oscillations cease. Forced resonance analyzers are nevertheless more frequently used. They are designed to apply oscillating stress at a fixed frequency and are ideal for scanning material performance over a wide temperature range (Menard, 1999). Sample preparation includes selection of an appropriate clamp system, which is a function of... 

Mapping of the current densities in these and a wide range of hypothetical clamped systems gives a surprising result [14a,b]. Substantial bond alternation can coexist with the characteristic 4-electron diatropic ring current of benzene, but systems with similar alternation can also be found where the current is quenched. 

Table 3 Comparison of automated patch clamp systems... 

Automated patch clamp systems have only become available for the past few years, and their impact on ion channel drug discovery is, therefore, just beginning. Whether we are at the verge of a new golden age for ion channel drug discovery remains to be determined, but what unfolds over the coming years should be of utmost interest for ion channel drug discovery. 

Large machines operate best when a hybrid clamping system Is used. Here one uses large volume, low pressure hydraulics to activate the toggle system and close the mold. Once the mold Is virtually closed, a low volume, high pressure system applies the clamping force (see Figure 2). 

The preceding discussion has shown that a significant portion of the electrical energy In injection molding is used in the operation of the clamping system. The amount of clamping force is determined by the projected area of the parts and runners. The relationship is ... 

Today, the actual IMs that may be found on the market come in a myriad of sizes and designs. Because it is possible to combine a variety of different sizes of injection or plasticating systems with almost as many different sizes of clamp systems, there is almost no limit to the number of combinations available considering both the domestic and foreign sources of equipment. However, in every case, each machine must provide the necessary facilities to melt the plastic, inject it, and cool it. 

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