Citrus pulp

In the preparation of citrus pulp samples by this revised method the likelihood of contamination appeared to be eliminated providing the tools and work area were free of contaminants and the manipulations were carefully executed. However, the samples so prepared do not contain any of the pulp from the area immediately adjacent to the peel and to that extent are not totally representative. 

AOM. The number of adenomas but not the number of adenocarcinomas was reduced in rats fed on the citrus pulp diet. 

WE Paulsch, EA Sizoo, HP van Egmond. Liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in feed-stuffs containing citrus pulp. J Ass Off Anal Chem 71(5) 957-961, 1988. 

Another contentious issue is the further processing of fruit pulp, and especially citrus pulp. The addition of water to such a pulp can give an extract containing around 5% solids, which can be concentrated to around 65% and used to dilute (more expensive) pure juice. These products are normally described as... 

Data from a statistical report ( ) indicated that over one million tons of dried citrus pulp and pellets were produced during a recent season from the Florida crop, which was about 70% of total U. S. citrus production. This by-product is important to the function of the citrus processing industry and to many livestock producers who use it as a cattle feed supplement. 

The peel, internal membranes, ruptured juice vesicles and seed residue remaining after juice extraction represent the raw material for production of dried citrus pulp. This residue, in its wet state, contains 75-85% water and ferments or sours readily because of the presence of soluble sugars. The difficulty of handling this wet material necessitates dehydration to a moisture content in the range of 107. water. Once dried, if proper precautions are taken to maintain dry conditions, the product may be handled, stored, and shipped in a manner similar to other dry feed stuffs. 

Moisture equilibrium during storage of loose, dried citrus pulp at 60% relative humidity (RH), 26°C, has been shown to occur at about 11 to 12% moisture (4). Other researchers have shown this equilibrium to take from 2 to 3 weeks (5). For samples of loose commercial pulp, it was shown that above 75%... 

Nutrient composition. The nutritional quality of dried citrus pulp may be affected by processing conditions, particularly dehydration temperatures. Pulp dried with dryer exit-stack gas temperatures greater than 143°C shows caramelization or browning. Ammerman et al. (6J and Chapman et al. ( 7) have shown that a... 

Table II. Average Nutrient Per iod (6 ) Composition of Citrus Pulp Samples Collected During a 13-year ...

Table 5.2 Evaluation of field samples citrus pulp and citrus pulp containing animal feed samples measured by GC/MS and CALUX...

As energy costs have escalated in recent years, the use of high moisture food by-products in commercial animal feeds has also escalated, particularly in beef catde and dairy rations, as a means of reducing production costs. Because of the broad activity spectrum, sorbates are extremely effective in the preservation of wet by-products, eg, brewers and distillers grains, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and condensed whey (139). 

Products and Uses Insecticide for apple pomace (dried), citrus pulp (dried), grape pomace (dried), raisin waste, and raisins. Used as acaricide (mite killer), pesticide against moths and red spider mite of fruit. 

Products and Uses A pesticide in animal feed, cattle feed concentrate blocks (nonmedicated), citrus pulp (dehydrated), grapes, packaging materials, and safflower oil. Used as an insecticide for flies, insects, head lice, and mosquitos. 

Smith-Barbaro a. (26) in our laboratory determined the capacity of various fibers to bind the colon carcinogen 1.2-di-methylhydrazlne (DMH) in vitro. The percent of DMH bound to wheat bran, corn bran, alfalfa fiber and dehydrated citrus pulp was dependent on pH of the medium as well as the type of fiber examined. Results from this study show that at colonic pH, a greater percent of DMH was bound by wheat bran than by citrus pulp. Therefore, it is possible that certain fibers bind carcinogen at colonic pH, thus making it unavailable for contact with the colonic mucosa. Other fibers such as pectin (soluble fiber) do not bind DMH at colonic pH, but may modify the metabolism of carcinogen via actlvation/deactlvatlon steps either in the liver and/or in the colonic mucosa. 

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