Citation sequence

It is often inconvenient to represent all the ligand formulae in detail. Abbreviations are often used and are indeed encouraged, with certain provisos. These are the abbreviations should all be written in lower case (with minor exceptions, such as Me, Et and Ph) and preferably not more than four letters with certain exceptions of wide currency, abbreviations should be defined in a text when they first appear in a formula, the abbreviation should be enclosed in parentheses, and its place in the citation sequence should be determined by its formula, as discussed above and particular attention should be paid to the loss of hydrous from a ligand precursor. 

All the references for all the chapters in a given volume are collected together in a merged list at the end of that volume (where they are most easily located). There are no separate chapter bibliographies. In the final list, references are given both in code and in full conventional form, with authors names. They appear in an ordered sequence, numerically by year, then alphabetically by journal code, and then by page number. Cross references to the text citation are also given in the reference list. 

In the following, selected trade-press and cover-story releases (mostly from German sources, but not exclusively) are presented. These releases are given by the headline, the source (name of journal), the time of release, and a list of key contents, completed by a citation. The citations are listed in the sequence of their appearance. 

Following our first comprehensive review on domino reactions in 1993, which was published in Angewandte Chemie, and a second review in 1996 in Chemical Reviews, there has been an explosion of publications in this field. In this book we have included carefully identified reaction sequences and selected publications up to the summer of 2005, as well as details of some important older studies and very recent investigations conducted in 2006. Thus, in total, the book contains over 1000 citations ... 

The literature is covered through March 2009, supplementing the coverage used in the earlier hard cover chapter. These latest literature references have been collected in separate sections according to the sequence of the tables in the tabular survey section. In each of the sections, the individual citations have been arranged in alphabetic order of the author names. 

The citation numbers mayappearto be out of sequence in PIS (because theyskipfrom 10 to 13) and in P16 (because 13 is cited before 5 and 2), but this sequencing just means that the missing citations were mentioned earlier in the Introduction sections. (See chapter 17.)... 

Multiple citations are separated by commas (with spaces after the commas) a range of three or more citations in sequence are separated by en dashes. 

Like in-text citations, the formatting of references requires great care. The appropriate use of punctuation, fonts, parentheses, in addition to the inclusion, exclusion, and sequencing of information (e.g., authors, title of article, title of journal, year of publication, page numbers), reveals your attention to detail, expected of good writers and by expert and scientific readers. 

If two or more kinds of a terms occur in the same name, their order of citation is by descending group number of the Periodic Table and increasing atomic number in the group as illustrated by the sequence in Table I. 

Target Region Defining Marker Primer Primer Coordinates7 Sequences (S to 3 ) Annealing Temperature Primer Citation... 

A short chemo-enzymatic approach to the enantiomerically pure alkaloid, published in 2008 is notable, because it avoids long sequences with low overall yields, mixtures of isomers and at the end racemic alkaloid which is outlined in Fig. 21 ([134], also includes citations for earlier syntheses). 

Figure 4.10. PDB file (partial) for 3D structure of hen s egg-white lysozyme (ILYZ.pdb). The abbreviated file shows partial atomic coordinates for residues 34-36. Informational lines such as AUTHOR (contributing authors of the 3D structure), REVDAT, JRNL (primary bibliographic citation), REMARK (other references, corrections, refinements, resolution and missing residues in the structure), SEQRES (amino acid sequence), FTNOTE (list of possible hydrogen bonds), HELIX (initial and final residues of a-helices), SHEET (initial and final residues of / -sheets), TURN (initial and final residues of turns, types of turns), and SSBOND (disulfide linkages) are deleted here for brevity. Atomic coordinates for amino acid residues are listed sequentially on ATOM lines. The following HETATM lines list atomic coordinates of water and/or ligand molecules.

The Protein Information Resources (PIR) (Wu et al., 2002) of NBRF in collaboration with MIPS and JIPID produces the annotated protein sequence database in the PIR-MIPS International Protein Sequence Database (PSD). The PSD is a comprehensive annotated and nonredundant protein sequence database. Its annotation includes concurrent cross-references to other sequence, structure, genomic and citatation databases, as well as functional descriptions and structural features. The PIR-International database is accessible at the PIR site, http //pir, georgetown.edu, and at the MIPS site, http //www.mips.biochem.mpg.de. 

EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database. SWISS-PROT consists of core sequence data with minimal redundancy, citation and extensive annotations including protein function, post-translational modifications, domain sites, protein structural information, diseases associated with protein deficiencies and variants. SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL are available at EBI site, http //www.ebi.ac.uk/swissprot/, and ExPASy site, http //www.expasy.ch/sprot/. From the SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL page of ExPASy site, click Full text search (under Access to SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL) to open the search page (Figure 11.3). Enter the keyword string (use Boolean expression if required), check SWISS-PROT box, and click the Submit button. Select the desired entry from the returned list to view the annotated sequence data in Swiss-Prot format. An output in the fasta format can be requested. Links to BLAST, feature table, some ExPASy proteomic tools (e.g., Compute pI/Mw, ProtParam, ProfileScan, ProtScale, PeptideMass, ScanProsite), and structure (SWISS-MODEL) are provided on the page. 

Lehninger provided a very detailed index in his book to help students readily find information. Many topics in the index have multiple entries, because they must be considered in various contexts. For example, ribosomes have 21 entries in the index of Lehninger s first edition photosynthesis has 26 entries the bacterium E. coli has 42 entries and under proteins are entered 70 references. In all, there are nearly 6,000 entries in the index, but only 2 under the heading of evolution. The first citation is in a discussion of the sequences of proteins as discussed earlier, however, although sequence data can be used to infer relationships, they cannot be used to determine how a complex biochemical structure... 

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