Numbering of citations

Year Tale Aulhor(s) Journal Volume and Pages Number of Citations... 

This review includes most of the published articles from the defined area and excludes only imidazoquinolines, which were reviewed in Weissberger-Taylor s series The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (81MI1). Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II (96MI1) mentioned only some of the azoloquinolines in the first edition the authors omitted citations about this type of compounds. The trend toward interest in these compounds can be illustrated by the number of citations in Chemical Abstract as shown in Table I. Besides Chemical Abstracts Substance/Subject (Collective) Indexes, the MDL database search has been used. 

Because of the number of citations, only selected imidazoquinolines are described, and biological activity is mentioned only briefly. The largest increase in the number of citations was caused by the discovery of the antibacterial properties of nalidixic acid type drugs. Efforts to prepare the bioisosters, for example of oxolinic acid, intensified in the early 1970s, and the discovery of the carcinogenic properties of 2-aminoimidazoquinolines followed in the early 1980s. These azoloquinolines can be considered as benzene-separated deazapurines. 

To get an impression of which journals are the most read and cited, the Institute of Scientific Information (Philadelphia, PA, USA) provides two interesting indicators [Journal Citation Reports, Science Edition]. The impact factor for a given journal is the number of citations in that year to articles published by the journal in the two previous years. Thus, if each article published in, for example, either 1998 or 1999 is cited exactly once in 2000, the journal will have an impact factor of 1 in that year. Authors use impact factors to decide where to submit their publications. For specialized journals, e.g. those focusing on catalysis, impact factors of 3 and higher are considered high. Review journals usually have higher impact factors, whereas letter journals usually score lower. 

The present volume marks the last in the series to be edited by Professor A.G. Sykes FRS in whose capable hands it has been since he took up the position of Editor in 1985 with responsibility for Volume 32. Prior to this, he edited four volumes of the Academic Press series Advances in Inorganic and Bioinorganic Mechanisms 1982-1986. The acclaim for the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series and the large number of citations it has received are reflected in the high standards he set and the quality of the authors he was able to enlist to write reviews on topics of interest to inorganic and bioinorganic chemists. 

Complete, detailed indexing schemes and comprehensive journal coverage is both an asset and a liability for index/abstract databases. From the user s point of view, the number of citations retrieved from... 

Of the large number of theoretically possible systems falling with in the scope of this chapter, only few of them have been reported in the literature. By far the greatest number of citations was devoted to all the regioisomeric pyrolotriazines 1-6, both fully conjugated and nonconjugated, and related benzo derivatives. The other systems... 

Often it is unnecessary to request a full printout (author, title, abstract). You may choose to review just the author and title listing before selecting out the abstracts of interest. In the long run, this approach may save you computer time, especially if the number of citations being searched is large. 

At first, the crowds who came were glad to see President Kennedy, but shortly after he arrived, shots were heard, p. 963 (precise page number of citation)... 

Unless your instructor has asked you to use a certain number of sources, there is no maximum or minimum number of citations that any research paper should contain. In other words, some topics and papers require a lot of documentation, particularly if the subject matter is controversial or previously undocumented, while other subjects require very little. When in doubt about whether to footnote a particular statement, it is usually better to back up any statement that may need support with a proper footnote or citation. Remove any doubt that may be lingering in the reader s mind about the authenticity of your research. However, if you are writing many footnotes, which may be perfectly legitimate for your paper and subject matter, you may have questions such as, What do I do if I have to cite the same page twice in a row Or, you may find that you have multiple citations that come from the same author and are on the same page. Do you have to have to write out all that material over and over again The answer is no. Once you have provided the full information on any book or source that you have consulted, you do not have to mention all that material again. Footnotes that immediately follow one another and are taken from the... 

In which section are citations most common What is the average number of citations in a poster Where are references listed ... 

The largest number of citations is found in the Introduction sections of journal articles, posters, and research proposals, consistent with the purposes of the section. Introductions of both journal articles and research proposals often include 15 or more citations in opening paragraphs (often with multiple citations in a single sentence). Far fewer citations (sometimes even none) are included in poster Introductions because of space limitations and the poster s role in emphasizing new results. 

Research proposals typically have the largest number of citations guidelines regarding what is appropriate to cite are less stringent for proposals than for journal articles, for several reasons ... 

Figure 3.5 Analysis of number of citations occurring in explosives newsgroups.

Although there are a number of citations in the AOAC manual, most of these are once again for foods rather than beverages, but this should not preclude the use of these methods for fortified drinks. There is one reference for vitamin A in fortified milk products (2002.06) and a number of references for a range of vitamins in infant formulations. 

The bibliography has been composed on the basis of a computer search of the literature. (11, 15-21, 36, 37, 46, 47, 51-101) The descriptors nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, carbon, carbon-13, steroid, and steroids are used. The search has encompassed the Chemical Abstracts Condensates maintained by Lockheed Information Systems and the Medline file of the National Medical Library. Citations from the two sources do not completely overlap the latter provides items of more medical interest. Furthermore, neither source is entirely complete. A number of citations from the author s own search are also included. 

The names of authors and joint authors of chapters in the present book, and the page numbers at which these chapters begin, are printed in heavy type. Page numbers of bibliographical references as listed at the ends of the chapters are in italics and page numbers of citations in the text are in ordinary type. 

This volume marks the last in the series to be edited by Dr. Herbert Spiegel, in whose able hands it has been since he took on the position in 1983 from Dr. Morton K. Schwartz and Dr. A. L. Latner. In the period since then, beginning with Volume 24 until now with Volume 37, Dr. Spiegel has successfully commissioned top quality reviews from world-renowned experts. This quality is reflected in the ongoing acclaim there is for the Advances in Clinical Chemistry series and the large number of citations that the series receives annually. 

Even though there are a number of citations to spectral data and physical data such as NMR, UV, IR, MS, mp, and so forth, the most comphrensive references are Clarke s [4] and Mills [5] and from the reference standard retailers (Sigma, Alltech Applied Science Labs, Quantime-trix, and USP). 

According to the number of citations in patents and in scientific literature neodymium(III) carboxylates have found widespread application. These systems were first reported by Monakov et al. in 1977 [152,153]. In 1980 the use of the highly soluble neodymium(III) versatate (NdV) was patented by Bayer [154,155]. At sufficiently low concentrations the most commonly used Nd-carboxylates (Scheme 2) are completely soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. Because of this, Nd-carboxylates are the focus of many studies and are often referred to in the literature. 

Mechanical integrity procedures must be written in adequate detail to assure that the equipment receives prudent, appropriate, and periodically scheduled maintenance. It was noted above that OSHA issued a large number of citations for failure to have the written procedures. 

Figure 2-1. Total number of citations of the paper by Kohn and Sham.2 Source WSI Web of Science, Thomson Corp. 2005...

In 1963 R. B. Merrifield published his seminal paper on the possibility of peptide synthesis on a solid, polymeric support [1], On the basis of this work, which helped its author to get the Nobel Prize in 1984, the field of chemical synthesis of biopolymers was developed and has been an area of great interest since then. It is therefore not surprising that the annual number of citations of this publication ( in Fig. 1, up to Autumn 1997 3511 in total ) increased rapidly between 1975 and 1990 and has now stayed at a very high level with only a slight tendency to fall. 

Figure I. (a) Literature statistics illustrating the revival of interest in soluble polymers, time interval 2 years, linear representation, t number of citations of Ref. fl] sum of the citations of Refs. 3a, 3b, 6, and 13a ...

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