Journal Codes

In each chapter bibliography, the references should be ordered numerically and alphabetically according to year, journal code, and page number in that sequence, preceded by the code used in the text see examples at the end of this section. 

theses, etc. will be listed under the code MI (miscellaneous) starting each year and numbered 1, 2, 3 arbitrarily. Patents will be given three-letter codes as listed later Chemical Abstracts references will be included for all patents using the usual code (CA). 

Reference citations in the text should normally appear at the end of sentences. When authors names are mentioned in the text, et al. should be used if there are more than two authors. When the name of the senior author is used rather than that of the first-named author of the paper, the word co-workers should be used in place of et al. However, all authors names should be listed in the literature references, unless there are more than ten authors. 

ACH Acta Chim. Acad. Set. Hung. AP Arch. Pharm. (tVeinheim, Ger.J 

ACS Acta Chem. Scand. AX(B) Acta Crystallogr., Part B 

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All the references for all the chapters in a given volume are collected together in a merged list at the end of that volume (where they are most easily located). There are no separate chapter bibliographies. In the final list, references are given both in code and in full conventional form, with authors names. They appear in an ordered sequence, numerically by year, then alphabetically by journal code, and then by page number. Cross references to the text citation are also given in the reference list. 

A list of journal codes in alphabetical order, together with the journals to which they refer, is given immediately following these notes. Journal names are abbreviated throughout using the CASSI (Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index) system. 

The list of references is arranged in order of (a) year, (b) journal in alphabetical order of journal code, (c) part letter or number if relevant, (d) volume number if relevant, (e) page number. 

For journals which are published in separate parts, the part letter or number is given (when necessary) in parentheses immediately after the journal code letters. 

The subsequent chapters deal with recent advances in the field of heterocyclic chemistry arranged by increasing ring size and with emphasis on synthesis and reactions. The reference format follows the journal code system employed in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry. 

A list of journal codes is given in alphabetical order together with the journals to which they refer on the end papers of each volume, including the present Handbook. However, unlike CHEC and CHEC-II where the references are given in full at the end of the relevant volume, no reference lists are included in the Handbook for reasons of space. The full reference can usually be ascertained from the relevant volume of CHEC or CHEC-II. The list of miscellaneous (MI) references is given in Appendix D. 

For non-twentieth century references the year is given in full in the code. For journals which are published in separate parts, the part letter or number is given (when necessary) in parentheses immediately after the journal code letters. Journal volume numbers are not included in the code numbers unless more than one volume was published in the year in question, in which case the volume number is included in parentheses immediately after the journal code letters. Patents are assigned appropriate three letter codes. 

JOURNAL CODES FOR REFERENCES For explanation of the reference system, see p. 5... 

Letters and 2727 to the page number. For journals which are published in separate parts, or which have more than one volume per year, the appropriate part or volume is indicated, e.g. (73JCS(P2)1594) refers to /. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1973, p. 1594. A full list of journal codes is reproduced in each Volume. Patents have three-letter codes as appropriate, e.g. (60USP2922790) refers to U.S. Pat. 2 922 790 (1960). Books which are frequently referred to are also given a code, preceded by the letter B, e.g. (B-73NMR96) refers to T. J. Batterham, NMR Spectra of Simple Heterocyclics , Wiley, New York, 1973, p. 96. Journals and books which are referred to rarely are coded MI for miscellaneous, books again being indicated by the B- prefix. 

A third system has been popularized in publications involving Professor Roy Katritzky (University of Florida, USA) and uses the best features of both the Harvard and Vancouver systems. For each reference in the text a code is written comprising the year of publication, the journal and the page of the journal. In the reference section the coded references are cited, together with the full reference - authors, journal, year, volume and page - in year order and a list of journal codes in alphabetical order can be provided. For example ... 

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