Ciona intestinalis

Takeuchi, K. et al., A genome-wide survey of genes for enzymes involved in pigment synthesis in an ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, Zool Scl, 22, 723, 2005. 

Bellas J, Vazquez E, Berras R. 2001. Toxicity of Hg, Cu, Cd, and Cr on early developmental stages of Ciona intestinalis (Chordata, Ascidiacea) with potential apphcation in marine water quality assessment Water Res 35 2905-2912. 

Sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis California Tunic Viscera... 

Baird, W.M., R.A. Chemerys, L. Diamond, T.H. Meedel, and J.R. Whittaker. 1982. Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by Ciona intestinalis. Pages 191-200 in N.L. Richards and B.L. Jackson (eds.) Symposium Carcinogenic Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment. U.S. Environ. Protection Agency Rep. 600/9-82-013. 

Santos, J. A., Mulloy, B., and Mourao, P. A. (1992). Structural diversity among sulfated alpha-L-galactans from ascidians (tunicates). Studies on the species Ciona intestinalis and Herdmania menus. Eur. J. Biochem. 204, 669-677. 

Georges D, Schwabe C. Porcine relaxin, a 500 million-year-old hormone The tunicate Ciona intestinalis has porcine relaxin. FASEB 1999 13 1269. 

Several partially characterized inhibitors have been described from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata, isolated from the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. This bacterium produces a diversity of metabolites, each of which specifically inhibits the settlement of invertebrate larvae... 

Holmstrom, C., Rittschoff, D., and Kjelleberg, S., Inhibition of settlement by larvae of Balanus amphitrite and Ciona intestinalis by a surface-colonizing marine bacterium, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, 2111, 1992. 

Two-stimulus systems for settlement and metamorphosis may also be required for recruitment of larvae of at least some ascidian, oyster, and barnacle species. Wieczorek and Todd52 reported that settlement and metamorphosis of the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis can be temporally separate and are possibly induced by different environmental cues. Those authors note, however, that the exact nature of the respective cue(s).need(s) yet to be further characterized before any conclusions can be reached. ... 

Trivedi, S., T. Ueki, N. Yamaguchi, and H. Michibata. 2003. Novel vanadium-binding proteins (vanabins) identified in cDNA libraries and the genome of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1630 64—70. 

Classification schemes have been devised that take into account the lability of tunicate blood cells (137,138). In one scheme (138) four main categories of tunicate blood cell are recognized stem cells, amoebocytes, vacuolated cells, and pigment cells (Fig. 4). Main categories are further subdivided in Ciona intestinalis, for example, hyaline amoebocytes are numerous and comprise 30% of the total blood cell population (139). 

Ciona intestinalis (a few GPCR -like ORs ) Danio rerio... 

Figure 2 Bufadienolides (3 and 4) from fireflies, SAAF (5) from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, and anisomorphal (6) from walking sticks.

Centropristis striata 444 Channa punctata 175 Chionodraco hamatus 94, 293 Chironomus riparius 513 Ciona intestinalis 86, 206 Clupea harengus 51, 416 Clupea harengus pallasi 307 Clupea pallasi 440... 

Elphick MR, Satou Y, Satoh N (2003) The invertebrate ancestry of endocannabinoid signalling an orthologue of vertebrate cannabinoid receptors in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis. Gene 302 95-101... 

So far, the best-characterised example of endocannabinoid signalling in eukaryotes is CBl/CB2-mediated processes in vertebrates. Moreover, our phylogenetic analysis of the occurrence of CB1/CB2 receptors in invertebrates indicates that the ancestor of these receptors originated in a deuterostomian invertebrate, and in accordance with this view receptors of this type have so far not been found in protostomian invertebrates. The CiCBR gene that was recently identified in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis (Elphick et al. 2003) is an example of a receptor in a deuterostomian invertebrate that may resemble the putative ancestor of the vertebrate CBi and CB2 receptors. Therefore, analysis of CiCBR function in Ciona is now of particular interest. 

Dehal P, Satou Y, Campbell RK, et al (2002) The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis insights into chordate and vertebrate origins. Science 298 2157-2167... 

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