Balanus amphitrite

Cyprid major protein is a larval storage protein necessary for successful metamorphosis. " Production of cyprid major protein was increased in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite following exposure to both nonylphenol and estradiol, suggesting that it may be a potential biomarker of estrogen exposure in invertebrates such as barnacles. " "... 

Anil, A.C. and A.B. Wagh. 1988. Accumulation of copper and zinc by Balanus amphitrite in a tropical estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 19 177-180. 

Mannello, F., Canesi, L., Faimali, M., Piazza, V., Gallo, G., and Geraci, S. (2003). Characterization of metalloproteinase-like activities in barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) nauplii. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 135,17-24. 

Tribromo-3,4,7-trichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1,5-octadiene (133) from the Australian alga Plocamium costatum deters the settlement of Balanus amphitrite larvae at 10 pg/ml [106]. 

Elatol (134) from the red alga Laurencia rigida completely inhibits the settlement of Balanus amphitrite larvae at 0.1 pg/cm2 [107]. 

The bromotyramine derivatives ceratinamide A (136) and psammaplysin A (137) from the sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea inhibit the settlement and metamorphosis of cyprid larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (ED50 0.10 and 0.27 (Jg/ml). Interestingly, psammaplysin A induces larval metamorphosis of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (ED 0o 1.2 (Jg/ml) [74]. 

The related pseudoceratidine (140) inhibits Balanus amphitrite with an EC50 of 15 pg/ml [110]. 

The antifouling sponge metabolite pseudoceratidine (1245) was characterized from the Japanese Pseudoceratina purpurea (1253). This spermidine derivative has excellent larval settlement and metamorphosis inhibitory activity against the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (ED50 = 8.0 pig cm-3), and is the first example of an antifouling spermidine derivative. The four tauroacidins A (1246/1247) and B (1248/1249), with tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity, were isolated from the... 

Wieczorek, S.K., Clare, A.S., and Todd, C.D., Inhibitory and facilitatory effects of microbial films on settlement of Balanus amphitrite amphitrite larvae, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 119, 221, 1995. 

Maki, J.S., Yule, A.B., Rittschof, D., and Mitchell, R., The effect of bacterial films on the temporary adhesion and permanent fixation of cypris larvai, Balanus amphitrite Darwin, Biofouling, 8,121, 1994. 

Holmstrom, C., Rittschoff, D., and Kjelleberg, S., Inhibition of settlement by larvae of Balanus amphitrite and Ciona intestinalis by a surface-colonizing marine bacterium, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, 2111, 1992. 

Matsumura, K., Mori, S., Nagano, M., and Fusetani, N., Lentil lectin inhibits adult extract-induced settlement of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, J. Exp. Zool., 280, 213, 1998. 

Rittschof, D., Branscomb, E.S., and Costlow, J.D., Settlement of and behaviour in relation to flow and surface in larval barnacles, Balanus amphitrite Darwin, J. Exp. Mar Biol. Ecol., 82, 131, 1984. 

Mullineaux, L.S. and Butman, C.A., Initial contact, exploration and attachment of barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) cyprids settling in flow, Mar. Biol., 110, 93, 1991. 

Settlement of barnacles, especially the now cosmopolitan species Balanus amphitrite, has received extensive attention. Rittschof53 pioneered the investigation of the role of specific soluble peptides released as metabolites into seawater by adult barnacles as larval-settlement stimuli for invertebrate larvae, especially those of barnacles. Cyprid larvae of B. amphitrite are powerfully stimulated to settle to surfaces and walk upon them by the presence of very low concentrations of dissolved peptides with a C-terminal arginine or lysine residue.53-54 However, there are reports of attachment and metamorphosis of cyprids of B. amphitrite, in the absence of a soluble peptide cue,... 

For Balanus amphitrite, a waterborne settlement inducer that is more active than the surface-associated settlement factors has been extracted from seawater conditioned with adult barnacles.53 The cyprid settlement responses could be stimulated by peptides bearing C-terminal arginine or lysine residues.54 102 Interestingly, the same barnacle settlement-inducing peptides attract a variety of barnacle predators such as oyster drills.53103... 

Small peptides have received much recent attention as chemical inducers. Larvae of Balanus amphitrite,54 Crassostrea virginica,l Dendraster excentricus,20 and Adalaria proximo.48 all respond to waterborne peptides of more than 1000 Da molecular weight. Peptides with arginine and lysine carboxyl terminals may be very important cues for certain species of larvae such as barnacles and oysters.103... 

Satuito, C. G., Shimizu, K., and Fusetani, N., Studies on the factors influencing larval settlement in Balanus amphitrite and Mytilus galloprovincialis, Hydrobiologia, 358, 275, 1997. 

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