Cinnamic acid balsam tolu

Phenyl-2-propenoic acid [621 -82-9] commonly referred to as cinnamic acid, is a white crystalline soHd having a low intensity sweet, honeylike aroma. It has been identified as a principal constituent in the botanical exudates from Styrax IJquidamber orientalis) Benzoin Styrax ben in Pern Balsam [Myroxylon pereirae and Tolu Balsam (]Ayro>ylon balsamum) (4,5). In these, as well as numerous other natural products, it exists both as the free acid and in the form of one or more of its esters, as for example, methyl cinnamate, ben2yl cinnamate [103 1 -3] and cinnamyl cinnamate. 

Benzyl Ginnamate.—The cinnamic acid ester of benzyl alcohol is a natural constituent of storax, tolu, and Peru balsams. It is a crystalline Bubstance with a characteristic sweet balsamic odour. It may be prepared by heating sodium cinnamate, alcohol, and benzyl chloride together under a reflux condenser. It is a useful ester where a sweet balsamic odour is required to be introduced into a perfume, especially cf the heavy type. It forms white, glistening prisms, which melt at 39°, and.decompose when heated to 350°. The best commercial specimens have the following characters —... 

Balsam Tolu/lree cinnamic and benzoic acids... 

Tolu balsam resinoid contains a fairly large amount of benzyl and cinnamyl esters of benzoic and cinnamic acid [284a, 800-800b]. 

Phenylpropanoids are widespread in higher plants, especially in the plants that produce essential oils, e.g. plants of the families, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Rutaceae. For example, Tolu balsam (Myroxylon balsamum, family Fabaceae) yields a high concentration of cinnamic acid esters, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum, family Lauraceae) produces cinnamaldehyde, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, family Apiaceae) is a good... 

Toluol.—When tolu balsam is distilled, there passes over a large quantity of benzoic, mixed with a little cinnamic acid, and a yellow liquid, which is a mixture of toluol and benzoic ether. By redistilling this, so as only to collect the portions which pass over hetweas 265° and 285°, a distillate is obtained, which, when deprived of benzole acid by distillation with solid caustic potaaaa, possesses the properties which belong to toluol. 

Which of the two is the cis form and which the trans form has not been determined. A third cinnamic acid, viz., iso-cinnamic acid, is also known, but the constitution of it has not been established. Cinnamic acid is found in nature in the resin storax both as the free acid and as the cinnamic alcohol ester, styrin. It is also found in Peru and Tolu balsams as the free acid and as the benzyl alcohol ester, the benzoic acid ester of benzyl alcohol being present also. Thus benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, cinnamic alcohol and cinnamic acid are all constituents of esters present in these plant resins. Allo-cinnamic acid, the geometric isomer, is obtained from coca leaves from which the alkaloid cocaine is also obtained (p. 896). When cinnamic acid is heated with lime it loses carbon dioxide and yields the unsaturated side-chain hydrocarbon st3rrene, or phenyl ethylene, CeHs—CH = CH2. On reduction it yields first cinnamic aldehyde, found in oil of cinnamon (p. 842) and then cinnamic alcohol. Both cinnamic acid and allo-cinnamic acid yield anhydrides. 

Benzyl Alcohol, NF. Ben/yl alcohol (phenylcarbinol. phenylmethanol) occurs naturally as the unesteriried form in oil of jasmine and in esters of acetic, cinnamic, and benzoic acids in gum benzoin,. storax re.sin. Peru balsam, tolu balsam, and some volatile oils. It is. soluble in water and alcohol and is a clear liquid with an aromatic odor. 

Balsam Tolu. Thomas balsam opobalsam resin Tolu. Ftom Toluifera balsamum L. (Myroxylon tolulferum H. B. K ), Leguminosae. Habit. South America (Venezuela, Colomhia, Peru) on elevated plains and mountains. Constit. 12-15% free cinnamic and benzoic acids about 40% benzyl, etc., estets of these acids (5.2-13.4% cinnamein) 1.5-3% volatile oil. Ref Rosenthaler, Pharm. Ztg-Nachr. 88, 716 (1952). C.A. 47, 5076 (1953). 

Benzyl Cinnamate. 3-Phenyl-2-propenoic acid pbtnylmelhyl ester trans-cinnamic acid benzyl ester cinna-mein. CjjH tO, mol wt 238.27. C 80.65%, H 5.92%, O 13.43%. C(H5CH—CHOOOCHjCjHj. Constituent of sto-rax, Peru and Tolu balsams Tsehirch, Trog, Arch. Pharm. 232, 70 (1894) Tsehirch, Oberlander. ibid. 559. Prepn Volwiler, Vlict, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 43, 1672 (1921) Elicl. Anderson, ibid. 74, 547 (1952) Bender. Zerner, ibid. 84, 2550 (1962). 

Cinnamic Acid, C6H5.CH = CH.COOH, is the most important member of the class of unsaturated aromatic acids. It occurs in oil of cinnamon, the balsams of Peru and Tolu, gum-benzoin, storax, and the leaves, of certain plants. The acid crystallizes from hot water, melts at 134°, and boils with partial decomposition at 300°. 

Synonyms Benzyl alcohol cinnamic ester Benzyl y-phenylacrylate Benzyl 3-phenylpropenoate Benzyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate Cinnamein trans-Cinnamic acid benzyl ester Phenylmethyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate 3-Phenyl-2-propenoic acid phenylmethyl ester Definition Ester of benzyl alcohol and cinnamic acid, found in balsams of Peru, Tolu, Styrax, Copaiba and others Empirical C16H14O2... 

ALT AND AST. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are enzymes located in liver cells that leak out into the general circulation when liver cells are injured. Previously known as the SGPT (serum glutamic-pymvic transaminase) and the SCOT (serum glutaic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively ATPASE. Adenosine triphosphatase BALSAMS. Mixtures of resins that contain relatively large amounts of cinnamic or benzoic acid or their esters. Typical balsams are balsam Peru, balsam Tolu, styrax, and benzoin. Canada balsam, Oregon balsam, and copaiba balsam are not true balsams since they do not contain benzoic or cinnamic acid or their esters. Balsams are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol... 

Balsams are mixtures of resins with cinnamic or benzoic acid or both and generally a volatile oil. Examples Balsamum Tolu-tanum, Styrax, Balsamum Peruvianum. 

Tolutaimm balsamum Tolu balsam Myroxylon balsamum (L.) HARMS var. balsamum Fabaceae Leguminosae HELV VII, USP XXII, MD About 7.59I1 cinnamein , a mixture of benzoyl benzoate (4%-13%) and cinnaraoyl benzoate (1-3%) about 80% resin (mostly cinnamic esters of toiuresitannol), citmamic acid, benzoic acid, vanillin, eugenol... 

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