Chronic toxic effects neurotoxic

Based on these results, one or more toxic hazards may be identified (e.g., cancer, birth defects, chronic toxicity, and neurotoxicity). A primary hazard of concern is one in which there is a serious health consequence (e.g., cancer) that can occur at lower dosages than other serious toxic effects. The primary hazard of concern is chosen for the dose-response assessment. 

No data were located regarding toxic effects in humans following oral exposure to polyalphaolefin hydraulic fluids. No deaths or body weight changes occurred in rats in a series of acute lethality studies with nine polyalphaolefin hydraulic fluids at doses ranging from 4,250 to 5,000 mg/kg. One of these fluids was also tested for neurotoxicity in chickens, and did not produce effects at 4,250 mg/kg. The available data have not identified a target organ or effect for these fluids. The data are inadequate for MRL derivation. No intermediate or chronic oral MRLs for polyalphaolefin hydraulic fluids were derived due to the lack of data. 

Episodic pollution events can adequately be addressed by acute toxicity bioassays, however these are not sufficient to investigate the water quality for delayed toxicity effects of chemicals present. Chronic effects of pesticides can include carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive effects (endocrine disruption). 

An occasional common side effect of capsaicin exposure is bronchoconstriction, in asthmatic people, caused by inhaled airborne particles. In nonasthmatic people, this induces a cough. This is prevented by washing the skin surface where capsaicin was applied after 30-40 minutes of exposure. Chronic overdosage can cause chronic gastritis, kidney and liver toxicity, and neurotoxic effects. 

The UEL is only for effects that are observed at birth and only for a short term exposure. No long-term follow-up studies (e.g., on neurotoxicity) have been conducted. UELs for other reproductive endpoints cannot be calculated. A UEL for chronic exposure to JP-8 was not calculated because there are no chronic toxicity studies on JP-8 reported in the literature. Conversion from mg/ kg/day by the oral route to the equivalent concentration in inhaled air to achieve the same daily... 

Acute and chronic ingestions should be discontinued and any toxic effects treated symptomatically. A study on healthy volunteers reported neurotoxic symptoms to progress for 2-3 weeks upon discontinuation of pyridoxine. 

The delayed neurotoxicity, experimental myopathy, and psychiatric disorders (human) represent some of the grey areas between acute and chronic toxicity. Since these effects may be induced with one or few exposures with a short latency period, they should be considered as acute effects. However, they are grouped under chronic toxicity in this presentation for three reasons (a) there is reason to believe that at least one and possibly more of these toxic responses may be induced chronically (b) the exposure periods to humans in clinical cases were often uncertain (c) these responses are all considered as chronic effects in the medical literature (e.g. 14,16). 

Safety/Toxicity Cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity,22 chronic toxicity,25 environmental toxicity,2 genotoxicity,25 hazardous substance,2 hematological effects,22 immunotoxicity,2 marine toxicity, 2 mutagenicity,5o neurotoxicity, phytotoxicity, soil toxicity, testicular effects ... 

Chronic toxicity including one-year chronic (rat) and two-year carcinogenicity (rat) was evaluated, no carcinogenicity was observed. The results of the two-generation-reproduction (rat) showed no effect on development or reproduction after ingestion and dermal exposure of clacyfos (Table 8.20). Because clacyfos is an organophosphoms compound, therefore, neurotoxicity test was additionally conducted, which was also negative (Table 8.20). 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. There is limited information on the toxicity of mineral oil hydraulic fluids in humans. A single case report of a child accidentally ingesting a single dose of automotive transmission fluid provides limited information on death and systemic effects. A case-control study provides some information on the carcinogenicity of mineral oil hydraulic fluids. The study population was exposed via inhalation and dermal routes. An occupational exposure study provides information on neurotoxicity following chronic dermal exposure. Information on the toxicity of mineral oil hydraulic fluids is limited to a series of inhalation, oral, and dermal acute-duration exposures. These studies provide information on death, systemic effects, and neurotoxicity by inhalation, oral, and dermal routes, and immunotoxicity following dermal exposure. 

---