Copper chromium arsenate

Chromium copper arsenate is a commonly used preservative for softwood. To a lesser extent, ammoniacal copper arsenate is also used. 

Wasson, S.J., Linak, W.P., Gullett, B.K. et al. (2005) Emissions of chromium, copper, arsenic, and PCDDs/Fs from open burning of CCA-treated wood. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(22), 8865-76. 

Hata T, Meier D, Kajimoto T, Kikuchi H, Imamura Y, Fate of arsenic after fast pyrolysis of chromium-copper-arsenate (CCA) treated wood . 

Fate of Arsenic After Fast Pyrolysis of Chromium Copper-Arsenate (CCA) Treated Wood... 

Waterborne salts such as chromium-copper-arsenate (CCA) have been used to [xotect wood from attack by insects or fungi for some time. Substantial amauits of CCA rmiain in the wood for long periods, Mich make CCA the preferred agent for wood treatment. Most of the arsenic is present in the treated wood as CrAs04, which is precipitated on cellulose or... 

Chromium copper arsenate as a wood preservative (uses 62% of the chromic acid in the United States) Catalyst for polymerization of ethylene Copper chromite catalyst for hydrogenation Zinc chromate near the zinc anode gives batteries 50-80% more shelf life... 

Chromium copper arsenate wood preservative Cuprous oxide in antifouling coatings for ships Pigments, such as copper phthalocyanine... 

Pentachlorophenol is no longer used to preserve wood. The chromium copper arsenate that is used on wood is not entirely free of problems. A study of decks in Connecticut found that soil beneath the decks contained levels of arsenic that exceeded regulatory limits.73 The amount of chromium approached levels of concern, but were within regulatory limits. Wood has also been preserved by chemical reaction with carboxylic acid anhydrides, isocyanates,... 

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used to prevent stain and mildew on freshly cut lumber81 If a quaternary ammonium salt monomer could be impregnated into wood, then graft polymerized to it, the process might displace some of the chromium copper arsenate treatments. Some antibacterial polymers (e.g., 4.9) work by gradual hydrolysis to release the active group.82... 

Wood Preservation. The use of chromium compounds ia wood preservation is largely because of the excellent results achieved by chromated copper arsenate (CCA), available ia three modifications under a variety of trade names. The treated wood (qv) is free from bleeding, has an attractive ohve-green color, and is paintable. CCA is widely used, especially ia treating utility poles, bull ding lumber, and wood foundations. About 62% of all the chromic acid produced ia the United States is consumed by the wood preservation industry (77,167) (see Building materials, survey). 

Suspended solids, organic content, nitrogen (all forms), phosphorus pH, and inorganic metals including arsenic, harium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, sodium, and zinc. 

Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, tin, zinc Organochlorine pesticides... 

Zinc in contact with wood Zinc is not generally affected by contact with seasoned wood, but oak and, more particularly, western red cedar can prove corrosive, and waters from these timbers should not drain onto zinc surfaces. Exudations from knots in unseasoned soft woods can also affect zinc while the timber is drying out. Care should be exercised when using zinc or galvanised steel in contact with preservative or fire-retardant-treated timber. Solvent-based preservatives are normally not corrosive to zinc but water-based preservatives, such as salt formulated copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA), can accelerate the rate of corrosion of zinc under moist conditions. Such preservatives are formulated from copper sulphate and sodium dichromate and when the copper chromium and arsenic are absorbed into the timber sodium sulphate remains free and under moist conditions provides an electrolyte for corrosion of the zinc. Flame retardants are frequently based on halogens which are hygroscopic and can be aggressive to zinc (see also Section 18.10). 

Institute of Medicine, Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc, National Academies Press, Washington, 2001. 

Organic pollutants Pesticides Metals Antimony Arsenic Asbestos Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Cyanide Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Zinc... 

Metals and inorganics Antimony Arsenic Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Cyanide Lead Nickel Selenium Zinc Organics Toluene Chloroform... 

Prominent among the heavy metals found in the wastewater generated in the copper sulfate industry are copper, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, antimony, lead, chromium, and zinc (Table 22.11). They are traced to the copper and acids sources used as raw materials. These pollutants are generally removed by precipitation, clarification, gravity separation, centrifugation, and filtration. Alkaline precipitation at pH values between 7 and 10 can eradicate copper, nickel, cadmium, and zinc in the wastewater, while the quantity of arsenic can be reduced through the same process at a higher pH value. 

Berman et al. [735] have shown that if a seawater sample is subjected to 20-fold preconcentration by one of the above techniques, then reliable analysis can be performed by ICP-AES (i.e., concentration of the element in seawater is more than five times the detection limit of the method) for iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and nickel. Lead, cobalt, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic are below the detection limit and cannot be determined reliably by ICP-AES. These latter elements would need at least a hundredfold preconcentration before they could be reliably determined. 

Bardgett, R.D., T.W. Speir, DJ. Ross, G.W. Yeates, and H.A. Kettles. 1994. Impact of pasture contamination by copper, chromium, and arsenic timber preservative on soil microbial properties and nematodes. Biol. Fertil. Soils 18 71-79. 

Taylor, D., B.G. Maddock, and G. Mance. 1985. The acute toxicity of nine grey list metals (arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, tin, vanadium and zinc) to two marine fish species dab (Limanda limanda) and grey mullet (Chelon labrosus). Aquat. Toxicol. 7 135-144. 

Nixon277 compared atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame photometry, mass spectroscopy, and neutron activation analysis as methods for the determination of some 21 trace elements (<100 ppm) in hard dental tissue and dental plaque silver, aluminum, arsenic, gold, barium, chromium, copper, fluoride, iron, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, rubidium, antimony, selenium, tin, strontium, vanadium, and zinc. Brunelle 278) also described procedures for the determination of about 20 elements in soil using a combination of atomic absorption spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis. 

In studies of the concentrations of arsenic, bromine, chromium, copper, mercury, lead and zinc in south-eastern Lake Michigan, it was shown that these elements concentrated near the sediment water interface of the fine-grained sediments. The concentration of these elements was related to the amount of organic carbon present in the sediments (161). However, it was not possible to correlate the concentration of boron, berylium, copper, lanthanum, nickel, scandium and vanadium with organic carbon levels. The difficulty in predicting the behaviour of cations in freshwater is exemplified in this study for there is no apparent reason immediately obvious why chromium and copper on the one hand and cobalt and nickel on the other exhibit such variations. However, it must be presumed that lanthanium might typify the behaviour of the trivalent actinides and tetravalent plutonium. 

Kazi, E.K.M. and Cooper, P.A. (2002). Rapid extraction oxidation process to recover and reuse copper chromium and arsenic from industrial wood preservative sludge. Waste Management, 22(3), 293-301. 

Nami Kartal, S. (2003). Removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-C treated wood by EDTA extraction. Waste Management, 23(6), 537-546. 

Trace metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, mercury, zinc) Industrial and municipal wastewaters runoff from urban areas and landfill erosion of contaminated soils and sediments atmospheric deposition Toxic effects including birth defects, reproductive failure, cancer, and systemic poisoning. 

Imagine that a friend has asked you to review the title and abstract of a paper that is being written with other researchers on chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a compound used to preserve wood. The research team examined the chemical structure of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) in CCA to determine if the oxidation state of As and Cr changed over time due to weathering. 

By far the largest use of arsenic is in treating wood to prevent decay or insect damage. Several compounds are used, but the vast majority of wood is treated with a pesticide called chromated copper arsenate (CCA). CCA is a water-based mixture of inorganic salts of chromium, copper, and arsenic that is forced into the wood... 

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