Calibration chromatography

WLR.dat Section 2.2.10 A set of peak area vs. concentration results of a gas chromatography calibration. Use with LINREG to test the effect of a weighting scheme. The originally estimated dependence of the standard deviation of determination vs. concentration is described by the equation SD = 100 + 5 X. 

Mourey, T. H., Miller, S. M., and Balke, S. T., Size exclusion chromatography calibration assessment utilizing coupled molecular weight detectors, /. Liq. Chromatogr., 13, 435, 1990. 

Comparison of Size Exclusion Chromatography Calibration Techniques... 

It has been shown that the molar mass distributions of lignin sulfonates and kraft lignin can be determined by gel permeation chromatography. Calibration of the columns with lignin sulfonates of known molar mass or, alternatively, with commercially available proteins and polypeptides has been shown to give the same result. 

In addition to these studies on the branched polyethylene, fractions of linear polyethylene prepared by large-scale gel-permeation chromatography are being characterized for certification in the near future. These should be useful for gel-permeation chromatography calibration. We also expect them to be particularly valuable in dilute solution, crystallization, and rheological studies. 

Analytical Methods. Molecular weights were measured by summing the areas obtained by simulated distillation using gas chromatography, calibrated by injecting a series of standard aromatic compounds. 

The fatty acid methyl ester contents in the reaction mixture were determined using a Donam 6100 GC gas chromatograph (Donam, South Korea) equipped with an HP-INNOWAX capillary column (30m x 0.32imn x 0.5 pm) and an flame ionization detector. The column oven temperature was maintained at 210 °C for analysis. The injector and detector temperatures were set to 250 and 250 °C, respectively. Helium was utilized as a carrier gas. The gas chromatography calibration was conducted via the analysis of standard solutions of palmitic acid methyl ester, stearic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester, linolenic acid methyl ester, and erucic acid methyl ester. The internal standard was diluted in pyridine, as were the reaction mixture samples. The conversion was expressed as the percentage of fatty acid methyl esters generated relative to the theoretical maximiun quantity, based on the amount of original oils. In this paper, the conversion was expressed as the fatty acid methyl ester content or in accordance with conversion. 

Figure 9-19. A universal gel-permeation chromatography calibration curve obtained from measurements on linear poly(styrene) (O), comb-branched poly(styrene) (O ), star-branched poly(styrene) ( ), poly(methyl methacrylate) ( ), poly(vinyl chloride) (a) c -l,4-poly-(butadiene) (A), poly(styrene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer (Qj ), random copolymer from styrene and methyl methacrylate O), and ladder polymers of poly(phenyl siloxanes) ( ) (according to Z. Grubisic, P. Rempp, and H. Benoit).

The four most common approaches to quantitative static headspace gas chromatography calibration are external standard, internal standard, standard addition and multiple headspace extraction (MHE). The choice of technique depends on the type of sample being analyzed (Slack et al, 2003). 

Evans, JM. Gel permeation chromatography A guide to data interpretation. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1973,13 (6), 401. Zhongde, X. Minghsi, S. Hadjichristidis, N. Eetters, L. Method for gel permeation chromatography calibration and the evaluation of Mark-Houwink-sakurada constants. J. Macromolecules 1981,14 (5), 1591 1594. 

Karaca, E, Millan, M., Behrouzi, M., Herod, A.A., Kandiyoti, R. (2005) The size exclusion chromatography calibration of mixed-A and mixed-D columns using various polymers and compounds an apphcation to coal derived materials. Anal. Chim. Acta. 547,78-82. 

Figure 5.10 Thin-layer chromatography calibration curve for 2,2"-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-...

Determined by size-exclusion chromatography calibrated versus polystyrene standards, and corrected by a factor of 0.58. 9-Anthracenylmethanol. 

Effect of monobromo butyl-3 thiophene conc tration on molecular weight (Mn) of polymer obtained throu polycondensation of the dibrominated monomer. Molecular weight is obtained by Gel Permeation Chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards. 

The relative contents of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in polyethylene-polypropylene glycols has been determined using combined pyrolysis-gas chromatography calibrated with polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol standards [65]. 

Thin-layer chromatography - Calibration Prepare a calibration solution as follows ... 

A4.4.2.1 Assemble the apparatus for vacuum distillation. Charge 0.5 to 1 L of pure, do n-hexadecane containing less than 0.1 % light contaminants as determined by gas chromatography. Calibrate the temperature and vacuum instruments as prescribed in Annex A6. 

The calibration of size elntion chromatography instruments is a eomplex affair, and many methods—of varying levels of sophistication—are in nse. The two main reasons that size elntion chromatography calibration is so complex are the existence of long-chain branching on some resins and the lack of an adequate series of narrow molecular weight polyethlene fractions for instrument calibration. 

The polymerization of these monomers in THF solutions with a catalytic amount of butyllithium gave the corresponding amino-substituted polysilanes 15a-d in high yields. Although polysilanes 15a and 15b were insoluble, 15c was soluble in various organic solvents. Since the solid state Si NMR spectra of 15a and 15b were almost similar to that of 15c, the insoluble polymer 15a and 15b are also pure amino-substituted polysilanes. The molecular weight distribution of 15c was determined by gel permeation chromatography calibrated by polystyrene standards with toluene as eluent Mn = 2.7 x 10", Mw n = 1.7. 

Fig. 5-5. Size exclusion chromatography calibration curves, plots of elution volume versus molecular weight for a series of macroporous polystyrene materials designed for reversed phase chromatography and as base matrices for subsequent modification. Calibration performed using a 300 mm x 7.5 mm ID column and polystyrene standards with a tetra-hydrofuran eluent.

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