Chondroitin sulfate, carbohydrate-protein

The carbohydrate-protein linkages of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) in collagen-associated PGs, have10,11 the general struc-... 

Oligosaccharide Fragments Isolated from the Carbohydrate-Protein Linkage-Region of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans... 

The O-glycoside linkage between protein and carbohydrate exists in blood group substances and chondroitin sulfate. The others are N-asparaginyl linked. 

Sugahara K, Yamashina 1, Dewaard P, Vanhalbeek H, Vhegen-thart JFG. Structural studies on sulfated glycopeptides from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of chondroitin 4-sulfate proteoglycans of swarm rat chondrosarcoma - demonstration of 86. the structure Gal(4-0-Sulfate)-P-l-3-Gal-P-l-4Xyl-P-l-0-Ser. J. 

M26. Muir, H., The nature of the link between protein and carbohydrate of a chondroitin sulfate complex from hyaline cartilage. Biochem. J. 69, 195-204 (1958). 

Connective tissue, which consists primarily of fibroblasts, produces extracellular matrix materials that surround cells and tissues, determining their appropriate position within the organ (see Chapter 49). These materials include structural proteins (collagen and elastin), adhesive proteins (fibronectin), and glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate). The unique structures of the proteins and carbohydrates found within the extracellular matrix allow tissues and organs to carry out their many functions. A loss of these supportive and barrier functions of connective tissue sometimes leads to significant clinical consequences, such as those that result from the microvascular alterations that lead to blindness or renal failure, or peripheral neuropathies in patients with diabetes mellitus. 

Aspberg A, Miura R, Bourdoulous S, Shimonaka M, Heinegard D, Schachner M, Ruoslahti E, Yamaguchi Y. The C-type lectin domains of lecticans, a family of aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, bind tenascin-R by protein-protein interactions independent of carbohydrate moiety. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997 94 10116-10121. 

Various studies (Jll) of the incorporation of D-[6- C] ucose, L-[i C]lysine, and [ °S]sulfate into the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of chick embryonic cartilage show that the carbohydrate and protein moieties are synthesized at different relative rates. Furdier approaches to the order of biosynthesis of the proteoglycan moieties have been made (e.g., B17, M13, M16, 06 see also Section 5, p. 36) by a comparison of their rates of formation in the presence of a specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis of one of them, and all the observations accord with protein synthesis preceding polysaccharide elaboration. 

H19. Helting, T., and Rod6n, L., Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. I. Galactosyl transfer in the formation of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region. J. Bid. Chem. 244, 2790-2798 (1969). 

Chondroitin sulfate could be separated from the chondromucoid. It remained in solution at pH 7 when chondromucoid was shaken with chloroform - amyl alcohol, whereas a second carbohydrate component (possibly keratosulfate or a closely related substance) remained with the protein fraction (4). Electrophoretic studies of chondromucoid show that the components associate in one kind of complex over the pH range 5 to 9 and that a different type of complex occurs below pH 4.85 (71). Shatton and Schubert (7 ) found both chondromucoid and free chondroitin sulfate in the extracts of bovine nasal cartilage the mucoid was extracted first. Protein denaturants did not separate the protein portion of the mucoid. The protein was not collagen (72). Since hyaluronic acid does not appear to... 

In carbohydrate chemistry, a polysaccharide is a molecule having more than ten monosaccharide units [18]. Polysaccharides belong to one of three important classes of naturally occurring biopolymers, the other two being nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins. Cellulose, amylose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan), chondroitin, and chondroitin sulfate can be cited as typical natural polysaccharides (Scheme 1). 

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