Choleretic action

Phlorizin has been reported to have a marked effect on biliary excretion of BSP and bilirubin it usually increases bile flow, but excretion of both compounds is reduced (J6, S40, V3). The action of this compound may be nonspecific, since it is believed that the drug inhibits the oxidation of all substrates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (L16) by alteration of the permeability of cell membranes (K5). Phlorizin is also excreted in bile (S34), and its choleretic action is possibly due to the osmotic effect of excretion of this organic anion. 

Dose-dependent choleretic action of the compound andrographolide was observed in rats and guinea pigs administered doses of 1.5 to 12 mg/kg (Shukla et al. 1992). 

Anthri ycosides - Substances which belong to anthraglycosides look like red-orange crystals. Plant extracts containing anthraglycosides usually have a blood-red color. These compounds have purgative and choleretic actions. 

IVaditional use An infusion of the berries is used to treat urogenital diseases. A decoction of the berries is drunk to treat kidneys and bladder illnesses, kidney stones, liver diseases, rheumatism, scurvy, jaundice, and to improve choleretic action. The berries are eaten to treat stomach ulcers and to improve appetite. A decoction of the roots is used for stomach ulcers, bronchitis, tuberculosis, kidney stones, and skin illnesses. A tincture of the bark and roots is drunk to treat arthritis. A decoction of the bark is used to raise the libido. The cones and green branches are also used in baths to treat rheumatism (Makhlayuk 1992). 

Autonomic ganglia aBXOHOMHBie ranrnHH Choleretic action ejiHexoHHoe aencxBHe... 

Rangelov, A. M., Toreva D., Kosev, R. 1988. Experimental study of the cholagogic and choleretic action of some of the basic ingredients of essential oils on laboratory animals. Folia Medica (Plovdiv). 30 30-38. Reddy, B. S., Wang, C-X., Samaha, H. et al. 1997. Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis hy dietary perillyl alcohol. Cancer Res. 57 420-425. 

Vartazaryan BA, Koltochiuk EE (1964) Choleretic action of berberine. Sb Nauchn Tr Vladivostoksk Med Inst 2 113-115... 

Thkeda S, Yasua K, Endo T, Aburada M 1980 Pharmacological studies on iridoid compounds, II. Relationship between structures and choleretic actions of iridoid compounds. J Psychedelic Drugs 3 485-492... 

Cyclospasmol cyclandelate. cyclosporin [ban] (ciclosporin [inn.jan] cyclosporine [usan] cyclosporin A Neoral Sandimmune ) is a cyclic polypeptide ANTIBIOTIC, possessing IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE properties (with a specific action on T-lymphocytes). It also has ANTIFUNGAL activity and can be used clinically as an immunosuppressant after transplant surgery, and to treat severe autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, cyclosporin A cyclosporine, cyclothiazide [ban. inn. usan] is a (thiazide) diuretic which can be used in ANTIHYPERTENSIVE therapy, cyclovalone [inn] (DVC) is a cyclohexanone, a choleretic... 

Silymarin has the ability to increase the regeneration of liver cells by stimulation of protein synthesis. Besides the liver-protecting action it also has choleretic, cholekinetic and spasmolytic effects. 

Garlic bulb also has a choleretic and spasmolytic effect, which explains its use as a carminativum, whereas the disinfections action is the basis for its use in the case of dyspepsia and chronic intestinal infections. Furthermore, an aqueous extract of fresh garlic bulb has bactericidal and fungicidal effects. Also, effects on the immune system have been reported. 

Fr. pat. 1,267,084 (1960). Action on bile flow Bornmann, Arzneimhtel-Forsch. 2, 122 (1952). Use as choleretic and antispasmodic Albot, Toulet, Presse Med. 67, 2053 (1959) General pharmacological properties Fregnan, Porta, Arz-mvnittel-Forsch, 26, 2116 (1976),... 

Actions Herb Antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, immunomodulator, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, antihepatoxic, euphoriant, antiamoebic, antipyretic, gastric stimulant, choleretic, bitter tonic, smooth muscle relaxant. Root antibacterial, immunostimulant, diaphoretic, antipyretic. 

Documented effects A methanol extract of the flowers inhibited inflammation in induced mouse ear edema experiments (Yasukawa et al. 1998). hi scientific medicine a decoction or extract is used to increase the appetite, to aid in function of the digestive tract and is used as a choleretic and laxative. A powder from the roots is used in a complex remedy to treat arteriosclerosis (Khalmatov et al. 1984). Flower extracts have shown antioxidant activity in vitro (Hu and Kitts 2004). An aqueous extract of the plant has exhibited anti-tumor actions and was shown to induce apoptosis of human carcinoma cells in vitro. Taraxasterol has also been shown to have anticarcinogenic activity (Koo et al. 2004). 

Fintehnann V (1996) Therapeutic profile and mechanisms of action of artichoke leaf extrads hypolipemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and choleretic properties. Phytomedicine (Suppl 1) 50... 

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY Antispasmodic [6640,6898,6899] choleretic [6715,6900] antischistosomal [6879] antimicrobial [6901], for staphylococcus aureus [6891] identification of candidate drugs for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [6902] ligand-based virtual screening and design of antimalarial compounds [6903] pharmacological action [6904]. 

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