Chloroplasts vaccines

Chloroplast Derived Antibodies, Biopharmaceuticals and Edible Vaccines... 

Chloroplast Derived Antibodies, Biopharmaceuticals and Edible Vaccines 8.3.3.3 Yersinia pestis Fl-V Fusion Antigen... 

Li, H.Y., Ramalingam, S., and Chye, M.L. (2006). Accumulation of recombinant SARS-CoCV spike protein in plant cytosol and chloroplasts indicate potential for development of plant-derived oral vaccines. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 231(8) 1346-1352. 

Molina, A., Hervas-Stnbbs, S., Daniell, H., Mingo-Castel, A.M., and Veramendi J. (2004). High-yield expression of a viral peptide animal vaccine in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. Plant Biotechnol J. 2(2) 141-153. 

Molina, A., Veramendi, J., and Hervas-Stnbbs, S. (2005). Indnction of nentral-izing antibodies by a tobacco chloroplast-derived vaccine based on a B cell epitope from canine parvovirns. Virology 342(2) 266-275. 

Since plastids have a limited set of protein degradation pathways, foreign proteins that exhibit harmful effects to the plant in the cytoplasm may be more stable when they accumulate within the chloroplast (Heifetz, 2000). For example, the vaccine protein cholera toxin B subunit was shown to be toxic even when it accumulated to very low levels within the plant cytoplasm, but was nontoxic when it accumulated to large quantities within the chloroplast. Plastids also possess the ability to form disulfide bonds, a requirement for many correctly folded mammalian proteins (Daniell et al., 2005a). These properties have made them attractive for the production of biopharmaceuticals in plants. 

From the aforementioned studies, there is little surprise that chloroplast engineering is also considered to he a promising new means by which to produce vaccines, antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins at high levels in plants. A number of examples are described in the following text and in Table 3.3 (Daniell, 2009). 

Another vaccine protein that has recently been produced in tobacco chloroplasts is the Fragment C domain of tetanus toxin (TetC). TetC is a nontoxic 47 kDa polypeptide that can induce an immune response upon... 

Chebolu, S. and Daniell, H. (2009). Chloroplast-derived vaccine antigens and biopharmaceuticals expression, folding, assembly, and functionality. Curr. 

Koya, V., Moayeri, M., Leppla, S.H., and Daniell, H. (2005). Plant-based vaccine mice immunized with chloroplast-derived anthrax protective antigen survive anthrax lethal toxin challenge. Infect. Immun. 73(12) 8266-8274. 

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