Other Therapeutic Proteins

PMPs are not restricted to vaccines and antibodies. There are a number of enzymes with medicinal applications that have been produced in plant cells, such as gastric Hpase (for the treatment of cystic fibrosis), lactoferrin, and lysozyme (both with antibacterial properties). These latter two have been found in trials to aid recover from childhood diarrhea [84], 

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Other therapeutic proteins produced in plants include leuenkephalin, a neuropeptide produced in B. napus and Arabidopsis as part of the seed storage protein 2S albumin. The peptide was proteolytically cleaved from the storage protein and recovered by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, a biologically active form of the human... 

From the aforementioned studies, there is little surprise that chloroplast engineering is also considered to he a promising new means by which to produce vaccines, antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins at high levels in plants. A number of examples are described in the following text and in Table 3.3 (Daniell, 2009). 

Daniell, H., Chebolu, S., Kumar, S., Singleton, M., and Falconer, R. (2005a). Chloroplast-derived vaccine antigens and other therapeutic proteins. Vaccine 23 1779-1783. 

Transgenic plants present enormous potential to become one of the most cost-effective and safe systems for large-scale production of proteins for industrial, pharmaceutical, veterinary, and agricultural uses. Over the past decade, much progress has been made with respect to the development of vaccines, antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins. Biopharmaceuticals in Plants Toward the Next Century of Medicine provides a comprehensive survey of ail major aspects of the development and production of plant-made biopharmaceuticals. 

The book concludes with a discussion of the future of plant-based vaccines and other therapeutic proteins with respect to commercial viability and as a tool to improve global public health. Far-reaching in its scope, this text is a baseline reference that students and researchers in a broad range of fields such as medicine, plant science, biotechnology, crop science, natural products chemistry, and engineering will consult regularly. It will also serve as a useful tool for individuals and companies seeking to invest in this dynamic area. 

Air-lift bioreactors were popular in the 1990s, but currently their large-scale use is limited. Only the company Lonza (originally Celltech) uses this type of bioreactor on a large scale, for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other therapeutic proteins (Lonza, 2006). 

The microorganism manufactures the product, which may be an organic acid, an alcohol, an enzyme or other protein, an amino acid, a vitamin, an antibiotic, or other therapeutic protein. 

Francis G E Fisher D Delgado C Malik F Gardiner A Neale D. PEGylation of cytokines and other therapeutic proteins and peptides the importance of biological optimization of coupling techniques. International journal of hematology (1998), 68(1), 1-18. 

Pharma biotechnology Red biotechnology Monoclonal antibodies, other therapeutic proteins, vaccines, insulins, pDNA >170 billion US CAGR 12% >6000... 

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