Chlorine hazards toxicity

Cl35 Cl37, which occur in 75.4 24.6% respectively, hence giving an average at wt of 35.457. Sax(Ref 9) discusses in detail the hazard toxicity of chlorine the MAC is lppm in air or 2.9mg per cubic meter of air concns of 50 ppm are dangerous. 1000 ppm may be fatal, even for brief exposure... 

Department of the Environment (1994) Environmental Hazard Assessment Chlorinated Pciraffms. Toxic Substances Division. Directorate for Air, Climate and Toxic Substances. Building Research Estabhshment. Garston, Watford WD2 7JR, UK, ISBN 0-85-125-6279... 

Willis B, Crookes MJ, Diment J, Dobson SD (1994) Environmental hazard assessment chlorinated paraffins. Toxic Substances Division. Dept, of the Environment. London, UK... 

Derivation (1) From l,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene by heating with alcoholic ammonia. (2) From the chlorination of p-nitroaniline in acid solution. Hazard Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 

Properties Crystals. Mp 115.5-117C. Slightly soluble in acetone, alcohol, and chlorinated solvents. Hazard Toxic by ingestion. 

Properties Colorless, mobile liquid becomes yellowish under the action of light and air. Fruitlike odor (high dilution). Decomposed by water. Attacks brass but not iron (dry). D 1.742 (14C), bp 156C (decomposes), fp —65C, coefficient of thermal expansion 0.0011, vap d 6 (air = 1.29), volatility 20,000mg/m3(20C), vap press 2.29 mm Hg (21.5C). Soluble in alcohol, benzene, ether, and water. Derivation Chlorination of ethyl arsenious oxide. Hazard Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption strong irritant. 

Chlorine Hazard Division 2.3 (toxic gas) Toxic exposure to people located along transportation routes High... 

Much can be learned about a compound by looking at its elemental composition. Generally speaking, chemicals that contain chlorine in their formula may be toxic to some degree because chlorine is toxic. There are exceptions, such as sodium chloride, with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is table salt. The toxicity is low but even if you did not know sodium chloride was table salt and treated it as a toxic material because of the chlorine, your error would be on the side of safety. If you are going to make errors when dealing with hazardous materials, always attempt to err on the side of safety. You may have egg on your face afterward and take some ribbing, but no one has ever died from embarrassment. On the other hand, if you are not cautious and your error is not on the side of safety, it could be fatal ... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2 heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of NOx and chlorine emits toxic fumes underfire conditions... 

AH volatile organic solvents are toxic to some degree. Excessive vapor inhalation of the volatile chloriaated solveats, and the central nervous system depression that results, is the greatest hazard for iadustrial use of these solvents. Proper protective equipment and operating procedures permit safe use of solvents such as methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene ia both cold and hot metal-cleaning operations. The toxicity of a solvent cannot be predicted from its chlorine content or chemical stmcture. For example, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is one of the least toxic metal-cleaning solvents and has a recommended threshold limit value (TLV) of 350 ppm. However, the 1,1,2-trichloroethane isomer is one of the more toxic chloriaated hydrocarboas, with a TLV of only 10 ppm. 

A material that has a high toxicity does not necessarily present a severe toxic hazard. For example, a ton of lead arsenate spilled in a busy street is unhkely to poison members of the public just a short distance from the spiU, because it is not mobile. It could be carefully recovered and removed and would present a low risk to the gener pubhc, even though it is extremely toxic. On the other hand, a ton of liquefied chlorine spilled on the same street could become about 11,000 fF of pure gas. The IDLH for chlorine is 25 ppm. This is a concentration such that immediate action is required. Thus, the one ton of chlorine, if mixed uniformly with air, could create a cloud of considerable concern, having a volume of about 4.4 X 10 fF or a sphere 770 ft in diameter. This could quickly spread over downwind areas and... 

Chlorinated solvent vapor degreasers can be replaced with high pressure power washers which do not generate spent solvent hazardous wastes or toxic fugitive emissions. 

Vapor Density (VD) — the mass per unit volume of a given vapor/gas relative to that of air. Thus, acetaldehyde with a vapor density of 1.5 is heavier than air and will accumulate in low spots, while acetylene with a vapor density of 0.9 is lighter than air and will rise and disperse. Heavy vapors present a particular hazard because of the way they accumulate if toxic they may poison workers if nontoxic they may displace air and cause suffocation by oxygen deficiency if flammable, once presented with an ignition source, they represent a fire or explosion hazard. Gases heavier than air include carbon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide. 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point (deg. F) 82 OC 61 CC Flammable limits in Air (%) Data not available Fire Extinguishing Agents Water, dry chemical, carbon dioxide Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Not pertinent Special Hazards of Combustion Products Toxic chlorine and phosgene gas may be formed in fires Behavior in Fire Not pertinent Ignition Temperature (deg. F) 932 Electrical Hazard Data not available Burning Rate No data. 

The toxicity of chlorine residuals to aquatic life has been well documented. Studies indicate that at chlorine concentrations in excess of 0.01 mg/1, serious hazard to marine and estuarine life exists. This has led to the dechlorination of wastewaters before they are discharged into surface water bodies. In addition to being toxic to aquatic life, residuals of chlorine can produce halogenated organic compounds that are potentially toxic to man. Trihalomelhanes (chloroform and bromoform), which are carcinogens, are produced by chlorination. 

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