Chlorinated polyester polymer, properties

Halogenated resins consist of chlorinated or brominated polymers. The chlorinated polyester resins ciured at room temperature and reinforced with fiberglass possess unique physical, mechanical, and corrosion resistance properties. These are also known as chlorendic polyesters. 

Blending of polymers is an attractive method of producing new materials with better properties. Blends of aliphatic polyesters, especially of poly(e-CL), have been investigated extensively and have been the subject of a recent review paper [170]. Poly(e-CL) has been reported to be miscible with several polymers such as PVC, chlorinated polyethylene, SAN, bisphenol A polycarbonate, random copolymers of Vdc and VC, Vdc and AN, and Vdc/VAc, etc. A single composition-dependent Tg was obtained in the blends of each of these polymers with poly(e-CL). This is of interest as a polymeric plasticizer in these polymers. Blends of PVC and poly(e-CL) with less than 50 wt % of poly(e-CL) were homogeneous and exhibited a single Tg. These blends were soft and pliable because the inherent crystallinity of poly(e-CL) was destroyed and PVC was plasticized... 

The quinoxalline pol5mers, possessing higher glassing and softening temperatures and better mechanical properties compared to initial polymers, have been produced by means of interaction of polyester-a-diketones with a-phenylenediamine at 23 °C in m-cresol. Polyquinoxa-lines are amorphous pol5mers, soluble in chlorinated, amide and phenol dissolvents with = 0.4-0.6 dL/g (25 °C, in N-methylpirrolydone of 0.5 gram/deciliter). 

Chlorine compounds can be added to the polymer or incorporated in the polymer chain itself. Chloroparaffins are suitable additives, but because of their incompatibility with the polymer, the processed articles lose their transparency and suffer deterioration of mechanical properties. In many cases, therefore, incorporation is preferable. Unsaturated polyesters are thus made more flameproof by condensing in what is called HET acid (hexachloro-endomethylene-tetrahydrophthalic acid, the Diels-Alder product of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and maleic acid) ... 

Fire retardant polyesters contain a blend of chlorine, bromine, phosphorus or antimony based chemical groups and offer reduced flammability but with somewhat reduced mechanical properties and wet durability. The smoke emissions are reduced but the fumes may still be unhealthy. Additives may be particulate or the fire retardant groups embedded into the polymer backbone by using substituted acids. HET acid polyesters (hexachloromethylene-tetra-hydrophthalic acid) are an example of the latter. 

The lowest-cost additive is aluminium trihydrate, which finds its largest application in polymers processed at low temperatures, such as epoxy resins, unsaturated polyesters, polyethylene, and PVC. High loadings are required, which can affect the physical properties of the polymer. Chlorinated paraffins offer low cost and application in all polymers that are processed at less than 240°C. Bromine, on a weight for weight basis, is a more effective FR but. on cost/ performance, chlorinated paraffins can be more effective than aromatic bromines. 

Some measurements of this property have been made in a range of electrically conducting polymers. These include epoxy resin/polyaniline-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid blends [38], polystyrene-black polyphenylene oxide copolymers [38], semiconductor-based polypyrroles [33], titanocene polyesters [40], boron-containing polyvinyl alcohol [41], copper-filled epoxy resin [42], polyethylidene dioxy thiophene-polystyrene sulfonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene oxide [43], polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites [44], polyethylene oxide complexes with sodium lanthanum tetra-fluoride [45], chlorine-substituted polyaniline [46], polyvinyl pyrolidine-polyvinyl alcohol coupled with potassium bromate tetrafluoromethane sulfonamide [47], doped polystyrene block polyethylene [38, 39], polypyrrole [48], polyaniline-polyamide composites [49], and polydimethyl siloxane-polypyrrole composites [50]. 

A new approach to the problem is based on the concept of acid-base interac-tions. The theory takes into account the existence of acid or base properties of the filler surface and pol3rmer adhesives. For example, poly(vinyl chloride) or other chlorinated pol3uners have acid properties and are capable of interaction with fillers or pol3uners with basic properties (Si02, CaCOs, polyesters etc). The enthalpy of adsorption of polymer with base properties B from one neutral solution on acid surfaces A is really the enthalpy of acid-base interaction AH ... 

Polyester thermoplastic elastomers are tough materials which exhibit useful mechanical properties over the range — 40-130°C. As polar polymers they have good oil and fuel resistance they are attacked by chlorinated solvents and by concentrated acids and bases. Despite their rather high cost relative to most other rubbers, polyester thermoplastic elastomers have found various uses, including automotive parts, gear wheels and boot soles. 

Due to the highly alkaline nature of most masonry materials, one of the fundamental properties required for high performance long-life coatings on such a substrate is resistance to saponification. Unlike alkyds (polyesters), acrylic polymers have a carbon-carbon backbone which is much less vulnerable to chemical attack. Whilst isomerised rubber and chlorinated rubber coatings are stable when applied over alkaline substrates, thermoplastic acrylics offer better hght-fastness for exterior use and also confer ... 

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