Chisels

Chisel. Chisel testing is a quick, qualitative technique that is widely used to determine the soundness of explosion-welded metal interfaces. A chisel is driven into and along the weld interface, and the abiUty of the interface to resist the separating force of the chisel provides an excellent quaUtative measure of weld ductihty and strength. 

Bond [Min. Eng. (London), 60(1), 63-64 (1968)] reviewed attempts to induce breakage without wastefuUy applying pressure and concluded that inherent practical limitations have been found for the following methods spinning particles, resonant vibration, electro-hydrauhe crushing, induction heating, sudden release of gas pressure, and chisel-effect breakers. For a review of more recent efforts, see edition 6 of this handbook. 

Meteloidine, CJ3H21O4N, was found by Pyman and Reynolds in Datura It crystallises from benzene in tabular needles, m.p. 141-2°, L Jo i 0, is readily soluble in alcohol or chloroform, sparingly so in water, benzene. The hydrobromide, B. HBr. 2H2O, occurs in chisel-s ped needles, m.p. 250° dry) the auriehloride, B. HAUCI4. JHjO,... 

Grab-legung, /. burying, interment, -scheit, n. spade, shovel, -schrift,/. epitaph, -stichel, m. graver, graving tool, chisel. 

Meissel, m. chisel cutting tool bit stylus Med.) pledget. 

Meisaelstahl, m. chisel steel, meist, a. moat. — adv. mostly. — am meisten, for the moat part,-mostly, meistens, meistenteils, adv. for the moat part, generally. 

Stein-korper, m. stony body, (Bot.) stone cell or cell cluster- -kraut, n. stonecrop (Sedum), also various other plants, -lager, n. jeweled bearing, -malz, n. glassy or vitreous malt, -mark, n. (Min.) lithomarge. -mauer, /, stone wall brick wall, -mehl, n. stone powder, -meissel, m. stone chisel, -metz, m. stonemason, -mortel, hard mortar concrete (Portland) cement badigeon, -nuss, /. ivory nut- -obst, n, stone fruit, -til, n, petroleum. 

The lADC code should be interpreted as shown in the following examples (1) 124E—a soft formation, sealed roller bearing milled tooth bit with extended jets, (2) 437X—a soft formation, sealed friction bearing insert bit, with gauge protection and chisel-shaped teeth. 

Select a tungsten carbide bit with chisel crest inserts when drilling a formation that is predominantly shale. Use bit type 4-2, 5-2, 6-1 or 6-2. 

Select a tungsten carbide bit with high offset and chisel inserts if the shale content of the formation increases and/or the mud density is high. Use bit type 5-2 or 5-3. 

Select a tungsten carbide bit with shorter chisel inserts and less offset if the formations become more abrasive and unconsolidated. Use bit type 6-3 or 6-4. 

Select a tungsten carbide insert with the greatest amount of offset and the longest chisel crested inserts when drilling shale and soft limestone. 

Select a tungsten carbide insert bit with a medium offset and long chisel crested inserts when drilling sandy shale with limestone and dolomite. Use bits type 4-1 to 5-3. 

The above Sn nitrate ( ) deserves mention because it was thought to be a fire and expin hazard in industrial accidents. For example, at the Spandau plant in Ger, several fires erupted in areas where wet NC came in constant contact with soldered bronze joints. In order to prevent further incidents, all soldered joints were examined and were found to be corroded with a coating contg Sn and nitrate ions. It was also found that the corroded material exploded when removal with a chisel was attempted Ellern (Ref 2) mentions that in the presence of w, cupric nitrate and Sn foil, on prolonged and intimate contact, will produce flaming and sparking... 

The supermarket needs to offer organic meat at the same level every day of the year. Hunt (1989) mentioned that, as a supermarket buyer, he had been approached by several suppliers offering one tomorrow, one in two months time and two for Christmas . Safeway required ten cattle per week. To fit into Safeway s distribution system, these cattle would need to be processed through one abattoir, which should be Safeway and Soil Association approved. He believed it to be unlikely that one farmer could supply this number every week of the year. However, the example of Chisel Farm (see Chapter 10) has demonstrated otherwise. Hunt suggested that producer groups be set up in conjunction with a central slaughter point. This, however, would create the additional problem that the producers and the abattoir would have to be located so as to ensure that the transport of livestock... 

In 1988 the organic unit on Chisel Farm measured 120 ha, from which beef cattle and lambs were produced. Twelve years later (2000) the... 

Verbal agreements with retailers for the supply of organic beef or lambs were made a year in advance. This allowed time for the management and growth of the necessary stock. Stock were sold to the retailer directly from the nearby abattoir. This meant there were no delivery or collection charges for Chisel Farm. The then manager, Karl Barton, maintained that verbal agreements were more satisfactory than written contracts, which often contain hidden penalties. 

This organisation, run by Josef Finke in Ireland, has developed into a large-scale organic business, in a similar manner to that of Karl Barton at Chisel Farm in Dorset. 

Use of a steel chisel to open a drum of carbide caused an incendive spark which ignited traces of acetylene in the drum. The non-ferrous tools normally used for this purpose should be kept free from embedded ferrous particles [1], If calcium carbide is warm when filled into drums, absorption of the nitrogen from the trapped air may enrich the oxygen content up to 28%. In this case, less than 3% of acetylene (liberated by moisture) is enough to form an explosive mixture, which may be initiated on opening the sealed drum. Other precautions are detailed [2], Use of carbon dioxide to purge carbide drums, and of brass or bronze non-sparking tools to open them are advocated [3],... 

Surface samples were collected in snow pits under ultra-clean conditions described elsewhere [13] with the exception that samples for anion analysis were collected in polystyrene cups precleaned without the use of acids. Ice core samples were cleaned to remove surface contamination using the "dry-core" procedure involving rinsing and melting of exterior surfaces with ultra-pure water [13]. Shallow-depth firn cores are permeable and the dry-core rinsing is unsuitable. Therefore an inner core of 2.5 cm diameter was taken from intervals of the 7.6 cm diameter South Pole firn core using a specially-built precleaned stainless steel corer within a -15 °C cold room. Prior to this coring, exposed ends of core sections were shaved away with precleaned stainless steel chisels. 

Mulch tillage or mulch ripping the soil is tilled prior to planting with chisels, disks, sweeps or blades weed control is obtained with herbicides and/or cultivation... 

---