Stone cells

Stein-korper, m. stony body, (Bot.) stone cell or cell cluster- -kraut, n. stonecrop (Sedum), also various other plants, -lager, n. jeweled bearing, -malz, n. glassy or vitreous malt, -mark, n. (Min.) lithomarge. -mauer, /, stone wall brick wall, -mehl, n. stone powder, -meissel, m. stone chisel, -metz, m. stonemason, -mortel, hard mortar concrete (Portland) cement badigeon, -nuss, /. ivory nut- -obst, n, stone fruit, -til, n, petroleum. 

To detect and check adulteration with material containing either starch or stone cells that would modify the ash values. 

Figure E3.1.2 (A) Hand-cut section from fresh apple tissue stained with phloroglucinol/HCl. Cell walls of the xylem tracheary elements (spirals) are stained red indicating they are lignified. (B) Increased magnification of A. (C) Hand-cut section from fresh pear tissue stained with phloroglucinol/HCl solution. Walls of the sclereid cells (stone cells center) are stained red indicating they are lignified. This black and white facsimile of the figure is intended only as a placeholder for full-color version of figure go to http //www.currentprotocols.com/colorfigures...

Features Root is nearly three-quarters of an inch thick, light brown, transversely-wrinkled bark, easily parting from white, woody centre groups of stone cells in outer bark. Whole plant gives a gelatinous, milky juice when wounded. 

Features A small tree with snow-white flowers which hang down like fringe—hence the common name and synonyms. Root about one-eighth inch thick, dull brown with irregular concave scars on outer surface, inside smooth, yellowish-brown. Fracture short, inner layer shows projecting bundles of stone cells. Very bitter taste. 

Peroxidase has been implicated in the formation of the grit cells or stone cells of pears (Ranadive and Haard 1972). Bound peroxidase but not total peroxidase activity was higher in the fruit that contained excessive stone cells. The stone cells or sclereids are lignocellulosic in nature. The presence... 

Pig. 41.—Stone cells from different sources, i. From coffee 2, 3, and 4, from stem of clove 5 and 6, from tea leaf 7, 8, and 9, from powdered star-anise seed. (Stevens, after Moeller),... 

Bast fibers Wood fibers Sclerenchyma fibers Stone cells Collenchyma... 

Cortex, or middle bark, consisting of two regions, viz. an outer zone of two or three rows of brownish collenchyma cells, and an inner broader zone of tangentially elongated cortical parenchyma cells. Imbedded within this zone will be noted numerous groups oi stone cells. 

Fig. 76.—Photomicrograph of transverse section of Cascara Sagrada bark k, cork g, cork cambium c, cortex st, group of stone cells bf, group of bast fibers mr, medullary ray.

V. Drupaceous Fruits (Succulent fruits in which the mesocarp is more or less succulent, but the endocarp leathery or stony).— A Drupe is a one-celled, one-seeded drupaceous fruit such as the fruit of the Plum, Peach, Prune, Sabal, Rhus, Piper, Cherry, etc., whose endocarp or putamen is composed wholly of stone cells or stone cells and sclerenchyma fibers. Fig. 103 (i). 

Ten pages have been added to Chapter V on Cytology. Under Protoplasm and its Properties, six pages have been written on the subject of Irritability and Irritable Reactions. Under Non-Pro toplasmic Cell Contents several additional commercial starches are discussed and two original plates on starch grains added. Additional cuts on Collenchyma, Stone Cells, Sclerenchyma Fibers, Trichomes and Fibrovascular Bundles have been inserted in Chapter VI. 

Polarizing microscopy is used to examine food components that exhibit birefringence (an ordered crystalline structure). Many food components are birefringent, e.g., starch, plant cell walls, specialized stone cells in some plant tissues, muscle fibers, fats from both plant and animal sources, and different types of flavor and seasoning components. 

Clermont L P 1970 Study of lignin from stone cells of aspen poplar inner bark. Tappi 53(0 52-57... 

Fig. 5A-C Nonlinear emission spectra measured from A the cell wall of a parenchyma in maize Zea mays) stem B the stone cell of a pear Pyrus serotina R.) fruit C potato Solarium tuberosum L.) starch granule. These spectra were recorded under similar illumination intensity, with normalized 0.1 s integration time. Note the extraordinarily strong SHG from the starch granule...

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