Children motor development

Pediatric patients who develop psychiatric syndromes following acute medical illness or injury or invasive procedures (e.g., a child who develops post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] following a motor vehicle accident and trauma a child who develops PTSD following stem cell transplantation)... 

Women who smoke marijuana during pregnancy may have low birth-weight babies who are at risk for developmental difficulties and are more susceptible to disease. Like other drugs, THC also crosses the placental barrier and affects the embryo as it grows some studies indicate that this may increase a baby s risk of developing leukemia. THC also passes into breast milk, where research has shown that it can affect a child s motor development. Toddlers whose parents smoke marijuana have been found to be angrier and to have more behavioral problems than children whose parents do not use marijuana. 

Dancis, Levitz, and Westall (1960) collected further data that led them to propose the biochemical defect shown in Figure 18-28. In one case, they examined a patient whose urine first showed the maple syrup odor when he was 4 months old. At the age of 10 months (March 1956), the child was admitted to the hospital because he had a fever, and he showed grossly retarded motor development. 

Lactation. Even small amounts of alcohol taken by the mother delay motor development in the child an effect on mental development is uncertain. 

McPhillips, M. Jordan-Black, J. A. (2007). The effect of social disadvantage on motor development in young children a comparative study. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 48 1214—1222. 

R.E. (m), with thymine-uraciluria, is the third child of healthy parents. The first child is healthy but the second one died of perinatal asphyxia. A few hours after birth the patient developed cyanosis with a mild respiratory distress. On the third day he developed also a pneumothorax. Furthermore there was a hyperbilirubinemia. Treatment was successful and at 3h weeks he was discharged. Psycho-motor development was normal until the age of Ih years. Then he de/eloped petit mal seizures which were treated. After one month treatment could be discontinued. The parents noticed that behavioural changes occurred after the onset of the seizures. Speech did not develop and his behaviour became solitary. At admission for evaluation of his developmental problems no physical abnormalities were seen. Psychological investigations revealed a normal intelligence with autistic features and the absence of auditory defects. 

Bushnell EW. 1985. The decline of visually guided reaching during infancy. Infant Behav Dev 8 139-155. Bushnell EW, Boudreau JP. 1993. Motor development and the mind The potential role of motor abilities as a determinant of aspects of perceptual development. Child Dev 64 1005-1021. 

Providing multiple micronutrients, including B vitamins, as a supplement or fortified food can have positive effects on child growth, motor development and cognitive performance. 

De Groot et aL (1977) reported a patient who was the first child of unrelated parents, presenting from 4 months of age with delayed motor development, ataxic and choreoathetoid movements, involuntary eye movements and hypotonia. Blood lactate and pyruvate were constantly above normal and a mild metabolic acidosis was observed. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate concentrations were 4.47 and 0.84 mmol 1 respectively. The keto acidosis responded to intravenous glucose and bicarbonate, but she... 

In humans, two inborn errors in Cr biosynthesis and one in Cr transport are known deficiencies of AGAT, GAMT and of the Cr transporter. AGAT deficiency, first described in 2001, has been reported in three related children [3,4] and a fourth unrelated child [5]. The affected patients show mental and motor retardation, severe delay in speech development and, only in one patient, a period of febrile seizures. GA is decreased in body fluids of AGAT-deficient patients. 

Unlike adults (Hutchinson et al., 1992), there is no universally accepted methodology for measuring infant and child development in relation to environmental exposures. The selected approach must be age, gender, and culturally appropriate. A number of evaluation tools exist for measuring targeted aspects of infant or child development, especially motor, cognitive, or sensory domains. Many instruments can be jointly administered to ensure assessment of various aspects of development. 

A newborn child developed normally until the age of 8 months, when a deterioration in various motor functions was observed. At 12 months, she could no longer sit up or swallow. At 22 months, she did not respond to stimuli and could no longer see. She expired at the age of 24 months. Use these data to answer the following questions ... 

Recently it was described that an 11-year-old boy who developed status epilepticus after a prolonged right-side simple partial motor seizure, which was unresponsive to long-term aggressive treatment with several AEDs [51]. The control of seizures was achieved at a plasma valproic acid level of 108 pg/ml, but electrical status epilepticus persisted, and the child remained comatose. On day 37, a treatment with verapamil (a calcium L-channel blocker) was started, and 1.5 h after the initiation of the infusion, the patient regained consciousness, breathed spontaneously, and the electrical status promptly disappeared. The authors suggested that verapamil, a... 

For the first time, we watched the human brain develop from birth to adulthood...at birth, the areas that were functioning in the newborn child were, not surprisingly, the phylogenetically older parts of the brain the cerebellum, the central structures of the brain the thalamus, and the old motor cortex... as you watch (the child grow) one structure after the other matures,... 

Shortly after birth, most metabolic activity in the brain is in the phylogenetically older parts of the brain the cerebellum, the thalamus, and the motor cortex. At that stage of development, the baby s activity consists only of suckling, startle reactions, and other simple reflex actions. As the child develops, the increasing complexity of behavior is accompanied by increased metabolic activity of neurons, reflected in the FDG accumulation. With maturation of mental functions, one region of the brain after another becomes metabolically active. 

Ethyl alcohol is found in alcoholic beverages and is a known teratogenic material, which is the reason doctors tell pregnant women not to drink alcohol. When a mother drinks, the unborn child drinks as well. Ethyl alcohol causes growth failure and impaired brain development. Unborn children exposed to alcohol may suffer the effects of Eetal Alcohol Syndrome when they are bom. Symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome include sleep disturbance, jitteriness, a higher incidence of impaired vision and hearing, lack of motor coordination, balance problems, abnormal thyroid function, and a decrease in immune system effectiveness. Additional teratogens include heavy metals, methyl mercury, mercury salts, lead, thallium, selenium, penicillin, tetracyclines, excess Vitamin A, and carbon dioxide. 

Maternal thyroid function and motor competence in the child. Develop. Med, and Child Neurology 23 76-82 (1981). 

Tachycardia recurred 28 hours after delivery and reverted to sinus rhythm with amiodarone and propranolol, which were continued for 24 months. The neurological disturbances appeared at the age of 12 months, when hypotonia and delayed motor milestones were recognized. At the age of 18 months, the child had mildly neurological development delay, with hypotonia, ataxia, and foot deformities. At 24 months, motor milestones were mildly delayed. The developmental quotient was 68. Electroencephalography and an MRI scan of the central nervous system were normal. At 30 months, the motor milestones were stiU delayed and there was speech development and language delay. Chromosome analysis was normal. After exclusion of aU possible cause, an indirect link between long-term amiodarone exposure during fetal and postnatal life and neurodevelopmental delay was proposed. 

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