Children newborn

A commonly accepted point of view in the field of biology and related disciplinesphysiology, biochemistry, psychologyand in the applied fields of medicine, psychiatry, and social relations appears to be that humanity can be divided into two groups (1) the vast majority possess attributes which are within the normal range (2) a small minority possess attributes far enough out of line so that they should be considered deviates. This point of view is more often tacitly assumed than expressed and is illustrated by the fact that when an obstetrician can inform a mother that her newborn child is "normal in every way," everyone is happy but if the infant must be pronounced abnormal, everyone concerned is distressed. 

Rieser, J., Yonas, A., and Wikner, K. (1976). Radial localization of odors by newborns. Child Development 47,856-859. 

Methimazole is excreted in breast milk and can cause hypothyroidism and goiter in the newborn child. 

The three nurses involved in this case were indicted for criminally negligent homicide in the death of the baby. ISMP provided a systems analysis and expert testimony at trial and identified over 50 different failures in the system that allowed this error to occur, go undetected, and ultimately, reach a healthy newborn child, causing his death. Had even just one of these failures not occurred, either the accident would not have happened, or the error would have been detected and corrected before reaching the infant. 

An inability to degrade amino acids causes many genetic diseases in humans. These diseases include phenylketonuria (PKU), which results from an inability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. The phenylalanine is instead transaminated to phenylpyruvic acid, which is excreted in the urine, although not fast enough to prevent harm. PKU was formerly a major cause of severe mental retardation. Now, however, public health laboratories screen the urine of every newborn child in the United States for the presence of phenylpyru-vate, and place children with the genetic disease on a synthetic low-phenylalanine diet to prevent neurological damage. 

Early attempts to explain congenital malformations followed two basic premises. Either they were of prophetic significance (a belief held by the Babylonians) or they were manifestations of the wrath of God. A modern twist on this kind of thinking occurred in Iraq in 1965. In this situation, a mother and newborn child were put to death following a family trial since the infant was born with a well-developed tail. The assertion was that the mother must have indulged in obscene sexual practices with a monkey. 

A newborn child developed normally until the age of 8 months, when a deterioration in various motor functions was observed. At 12 months, she could no longer sit up or swallow. At 22 months, she did not respond to stimuli and could no longer see. She expired at the age of 24 months. Use these data to answer the following questions ... 

A newborn child was found to be lethargic and jaundiced and, at 6 days of age, showed elevated blood phenylalanine levels. He was placed on a low-phenyla-... 

Against the theory of inborn ideas there has been proposed, for centuries, the opposite view that the mind of a newborn child is a tabula rasa where only experience, like a writing hand, can begin to leave marks, and the whole debate about human nature has traditionally been centred on the opposition between hereditary characters and environmental factors. 

If anesthetics, analgesics, and hypnotics are given during labor, they can adversely affect the newborn child by inducing respiratory depression and neonatal asphyxia. 

The tuberculous primary complex in the liver with caseation of the associated hepatic hilar lymph nodes may become the source of spread causing early systemic generalization. Given the clinical picture of a coarse-nodular or a miliary tuberculosis, this may result in the death of the newborn child. 

A mother s drinking during pregnancy may result in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the newborn child. 

Ciguatera, caused by ingested ciguatoxins and maitotoxins, can reportedly be sexually transmitted. There are also reports of acute health effects of ciguatera toxin in the fetus and newborn child exposed through placental and breast milk transmission from the mother. 

To prevent severe birth defects and possible death of the newborn child, when thalidomide is used in women of child-bearing age or in sexually active men (due to levels of thalidomide in semen) adherence to strict guidelines adopted by the FDA is required. The specific guidelines fall under the term S.T.E.RS. program or System for Thalidomide Education and Prescribing Safety . All prescribers (physicians) and distributors (pharmacists, etc.) must register and adhere to these guidelines. Other toxicides include headache, dizziness, rash, pruritis, drowsiness, somnolence, peripheral neuropathy, leucopenia, and venous thrombosis. 

The IVS3-48C allele is carried by about 12% of the Western European population. If it is not present in the partner of a patient with overt EPP, and they have not previously had a child with overt EPP, the risk that the couple will have a child with overt EPP is less than 1 in 50, whereas if it is present, the risk is about 1 in 4. Investigation for the presence of the IVS3-48C allele in the parents of a child with overt EPP is usually not helpful because in such families the risk of overt EPP in subsequent children is 1 in 4, irrespective of whether the unaffected partner carries the low expression allele. Testing a newborn child for the low expression allele may also be useful for predicting the child s risk of later developing symptoms. 

I 6. Parents bring their newborn daughter to you for consultation about diagnosis and management. Their first two children, a boy and a girl, have a complete torm of albinism (203100) with pink irides, blond hair, and pale skin. Which of the following represents your correct advice concerning the newborn child ... 

Oscar s birth is the catalytic event of the narrative. In the birth canal, he appears already fully formed, with knowing eyes, the same size he will be when he makes his fateful decision to stop growing. He is thus presented at birth with a sense of seeing and knowing that one does not associate with a newborn child. This presentation makes credible the act of will that marks the end of his growth. It also positions Oscar as the perennial observer rather than participant in the events that shape his life. Also, because he is presented as a passive observer—in essence the position of the child in society— we observe events as he does, with an unusual detachment given the nature of the events that will follow. 

Meperidine has received extensive use in obstetrics because of its rapid onset and short duration of action. When it is given intravenously in small (25-mg) doses during delivery, the respiratory depression in the newborn child is minimized. Meperidine is used as an analgesic... 

For the first time, we watched the human brain develop from birth to adulthood...at birth, the areas that were functioning in the newborn child were, not surprisingly, the phylogenetically older parts of the brain the cerebellum, the central structures of the brain the thalamus, and the old motor cortex... as you watch (the child grow) one structure after the other matures,... 

Brocklehurst P (1994). Randomised controlled trials in perinatal medicine. 2 Recruitment of a pregnant woman or her newborn child into more than one trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104 7 >5-7 >7. 

Safety professionals should be aware that many of the posting and recordkeeping requirements mirror those of the FMLA, and companies or organizations can require verification from the employee requesting an NDAA leave of absence. Safety professionals should be aware that where the military service member and his or her spouse both woik for the company or organization, the spouse is limited to a combined total of 26 woik weeks in any 12-month period if the leave is to care for a covered service member with a serious injury or illness, and for the birth and care of a newborn child, adoption, foster care of a child, or care of a parent who has a serious health condition. ... 

This I believe I believe safety is important. Each of us as human beings has a responsibility for our own safety and the safety of others. The first time we hold a newborn child we begin to truly understand safety... 

We now have a huge stockpile of scientific discoveries, engineering revolutions, technological innovations, and entrepreneurial track records. This stockpile is more than adequate to help all nations provide every adult human being a healthy and productive life, and every newborn child a happy future. It is therefore a distressing commentary on our political, social, and spiritual value systems that the number of children, women, and men living in hunger and poverty exceeds the entire human population of the year 1900. 

The newborn child is on both sides of its skin. There is no outside so it generates its own experiences. Its self is bound into imagination as language is bound into grammar. (Bond, 2000b, p. 114)... 

There was nothing any of us could do to alleviate the fear generated by our research. The routine examination of each newborn child brought home to many families for the first time the fact that the survivors were still at risk. We had no answers with which to reassure them. 

A Clark electrode can fit into the tip of a suigical catheter to measure O2 in the umbilical artery of a newborn child and detect respiratory distress. The sensor responds within 20-50 s to administration of O2 for breathing or to mechanical ventilation of the lungs. 

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