Children attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Committee on Quality Improvement. Clinical practice guideline Treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2001 108 1033-1044. 

Voeller KKS. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Child Neurol 2004 19 798-814. 

American academy of pediatrics (2000), Clinical practice guideline diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder , Pediatrics, 105(5), 1158-70. 

Tennant FS, Tarver AL, Rawason RA (1983) Clinical evaluation of mecamylamine for withdrawal from nicotine dependence. In Harris LS (ed) Problems of drug dependence, NIDA Research Monograph 49. USDHHS publication no, 84-1316, pp 239-246 Tercyak KP, Herman C, Audrain J (2002) Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms with levels of cigarette smoking in a community sample of adolescents, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41 799-805... 

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Only recently has ADHD been added to the differential diagnosis of BPAD. ADHD was long considered a childhood illness that resolved before adulthood. Moreover, the onset of BPAD was long believed to occur exclusively during adulthood. Both of these statements are now known to be untrue. Many of the symptoms of ADHD persist into adulthood. Meanwhile, an increasing number of child psychiatrists and epidemiologists have noted that the onset of BPAD not infrequently occurs in children before they reach puberty. 

Steer CR. Managing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder unmet needs and future directions. Arch Dis Child 2005 90(Supplement 1) 19-25. 

A child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and conduct disorder is treated with 45 mg/d of methylphenidate and 2 mg/d of risperidone. A new diagnosis of complex partial seizures is made and the child is started on carbamazepine. About 10 days after the initiation of carbamazepine, the child develops withdrawal dyskinesias of mouth and tongue. After discontinuation of carbamazepine, the movements last for 1 week. 

Casey, B.J., Castellanos, F.X., Giedd, J.N., Marsh, W.L., Hamburger, S.D., et al. (1997) Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36 374-383. 

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1997). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36 85s-121s. 

Barkley, R.A., Edwards, G., Laneri, M., Fletcher, K., and Metevia, I. (2001) Executive functioning, temporal discounting, and sense of time in adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADEID) and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD), Abnorm Child Psychol 29 541-556. 

Greenhill, L., Swanson, J., Steinhoff K, Tullock S, Clausen S, Zhang Y (2002 b), A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study comparing a single morning dose of Adderall to twice daily dosing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc (in press). Psychiatry. 

National Institutes of Health (2000). The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement Diagnosis and treatment of Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39 182—193. 

Spencer T, Biederman, J., Wilens, T, Harding, M., O Donnell, D., and Griffin, S. (1996b) Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder across the life cycle. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35 409 32. 

Broderick-Cantwell, J.J. (1999) Case study accidental clonidine patch overdose in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 95-98. 

Chappell, P.B., Riddle, M.A., Scahill, L., Lynch, K.A., Schultz, R., Arnsten, A., Leckman, J.E, and Cohen, D.J. (1995) Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette s syndrome preliminary clinical experience. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34 1140—1146. 

Prince, J.B., Wilens, T.E., Biederman, J., Spencer, T.J., and Wozniak, J.R. (1996) Clonidine for sleep disturbances associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder a sysrematic chart review of 62 cases. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35 599-605. 

Barrickman, L.L., Perry, P.J., Allen, A.J., Kuperman, S., Arndt, S.V., Herrmann, K.J., and Schumacher, E. (1995) Bupropion versus methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34 649-657. 

Silva, R.R., Munoz, D.M., and Alpert, M. (1996) Carbamazepine use in children and adolescents with features of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder a meta-analysis./ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35 352-358. 

Buitelaar, J.K., Van der Gaag, R.J., Swaab-Barneveld, J.T, and Kui-per, M. (1996) Pindolol and methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinical efficacy and side effects. / Child Psychol Psychiatry 37 587-595. 

Pelham, W.E., Jr., Wheeler, T, and Chronis, A. (1998) Empirically supported psychosocial treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. / Clin Child Psychol 27 190-205. 

Pliszka, S.R., Greenhill, L.L., Crismon, M.L., Sedillo, A., Carlson, C., Conners, C.K., McCracken, J.T., Swanson, J.M., Hughes, C.W, Liana, M.E., Lopez, M., and Toprac, M.G. (2000b) The Texas Children s Medication Algorithm Project Report of the Texas Consensus Conference Panel on Medication Treatment of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Part II Tactics. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39 920—927. 

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common juvenile psychiatric disorder presenting to mental health workers, child psychiatrists, and pediatricians. This disorder is one of the major clinical and public health problems because of its associated morbidity and disability in children, adolescents, and adults. Its relevance to society is significant in terms of financial cost, stress to families, and impact on academic and vocational activities, as well as the negative effects on self-esteem. 

Biederman, J., Mick, E., Prince,., Bostic, J.O., Wilens, T.E., Spencer, T., Wozniak, J., and Faraone, S.V. (1999a) Systematic chart review of the pharmacologic treatment of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in youth with bipolar disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 9 247—256. 

Douglas, V. Barr. R, Desilets, J. and Sherman, E. (1995) Do high doses of stimulants impair flexible thinking in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder J. Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34 877-885. 

Hinshaw, S.P. and Erhardt, D.E. (1991) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In Kendall, P.C., ed. Child and Adolescent Therapy. Cognitive-Behavioral Procedures. New York Guilford Press pp. 98-130. 

Horrigan, J.P. and Barnhill, L.J. (1995). Guanfacine for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys. / Child Adolesc Psychophamacol 5 215—223. 

Murphy, D., Pelham, W., and Lang, A. (1992) Aggression in boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder Methylphenidate effects on naturalistically observed aggression, response to provocation, and social information processing. J Abnorm Child Psychol 20 451-466. 

Riddle, M.A., Hardin, M.T., Cho, S.C., Woolston, J.T., and Leck-man, J.F. (1988) Desipramine treatment of boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and tics preliminary clinical experience. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27 811-814. 

Spencer, X, Biederman, J., Heiligenstein, J., Wilens, X, Paries, D., Prince, J., Earaone, S.V., Rea, J., Witcher, J., and Zeras, S. (2001) An open-label, dose-ranging study of atomoxetine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 11 ... 

Spencer, X, Biederman, J., Kerman, K., Steingard, R., and Wilens, X (1993a) Desipramine in the treatment of children with tic disorder or Xourette s syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32 354-360. 

Whalen, C.K. and Henker, B. (1992) The social profile of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Child Adolesc Fsychiatr Clin North Am 1 395 10. 

---