Haematological disorder

G-CSF increases the number of progenitor cells in the bloodstream tenfold. It has been used in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS 8.8) where it can increase neutrophil counts and sometimes improve neutrophil function in these patients. Because some leukaemic cells are able to proliferate rather than differentiate in response to G-CSF, this CSF may potentially induce a leukaemic transformation in these patients however, its combined use with cytotoxic agents such as cytosine arabinoside appears to decrease this possibility. No doubt clinical trials already underway will establish the optimal treatment regimen for G-CSF, so that the beneficial effects of this cytokine for the treatment and management of haematological disorders can be realised. 

Neutropenias may also arise as a side effect or deliberate consequence of therapy. For example, some drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders are immunosuppressive, and if these decrease the number of circulating neutrophils to below the critical threshold level, then susceptibility to infection may result. During chemotherapy for the treatment of solid tumours, an inevitable consequence of cytotoxic therapy is that the bone marrow will be destroyed by the drugs thus, patients will have a considerable risk of infection during this induction period. Similarly, during the treatment of haematological disorders (e.g. leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes), the aim of therapy is to attack the bone marrow so as to destroy... 

Several studies have been reported on the effects of occupational exposure to butadiene, mainly from the USSR and Bulgaria. Few are substantiated by details on the atmospheric concentration or duration of exposure, and control data are generally not provided. The effects reported include haematological disorders (Batkina, 1966 Volkova Bagdinov, 1969), kidney malfunction, laryngotracheitis, irritation of the upper respiratory tract. 

Howard RJ, Tuck SM. Haematological disorders and reproductive health. Br J Fam Plann 1993 19 147. 

R29. Rosa, J., Beuzard, Y., Brun, B., and Toulgoat, N., Evidence for various types of synthesis of human y chains of haemoglobin in acquired haematological disorders. Nature (London) New Biol. 233, 111-113 (1971). 

Foot AB, Veys PA, Gibson BE. Itraconazole oral solution as antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing stem cell transplantation or intensive chemotherapy for haematological disorders. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999 24(10) 1089-93. 

Recently this type of study has been undertaken in order to quantitate ineffective erythropoiesis in normal subjects [393] and in patients with a variety of haematological disorders [387]. In these investigations the incorporation of [ N]glycine into early labelled bilirubin and haemoglobin haem was measured. [ Cj Bilirubin clearance was used to estimate total bilirubin production rate [394], and hepatic haem turnover was calculated from the incorporation of a-amino [ N]laevulinic acid into early labelled bilirubin. The relative contribution of ineffective erythropoiesis in the production of anaemia found in these... 

Only a Umited number of emulsiflers are commonly regarded as safe to use in emulsions for parenteral administration. Most important are lecithin, poloxamer and macrogolglycerol ricinoleate (Cremophor EL ). This latter excipient is linked to anaphylactic reactions and temporary haematological disorders. 

In both these two immunodeficiency and haematological disorders particularly, but also in all other disorders diagnosed by enzyme assay in erythrocytes, if possible transfusion should be delayed until the confirmation (or elimination) of a diagnosis is made. Donor enzyme activity will take 6 months to disappear. 

Increases are found after myocardial infarction (reaching a peak value 48-72 hours after the event), haematological disorders, and liver and skeletal muscle disease. 

Observational studies The safety of micafungin as an empirical antifungal therapy in 388 Japanese patients with haematologic disorders and neutropenia has been evaluated [71 ]. Micafungin-associated adverse effects were observed in 56 patients (14.4%) and serious adverse effects were observed in six patients (1.5%). The most common adverse effects were hepatic fxmction abnormalities (9.8%) followed by skin disorders (3.1%), renal and xuinary abnormalities (1.2%) and other adverse effects (4.4%). 

DeClercq, V. Taylor, C. Zahradka, R. Adipose tissue The link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Haematolog Disord-Drug Targets 2008, 8, 228-237. 

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which soon after its introduction (in 1948) fell into discredit owing to its ability to cause haematological disorders which... 

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