Chemistry-continued

In the Prefaces of both the 4th and the 5th editions the senior author commented on the tendency of wet and dry surface chemistry for differentiation into separate schools. This remains the case today also, academic research in wet surface chemistry continues to move from chemistry departments to engineering ones. On the other hand, new connections between the two areas have been forming apace with the current prominence of scanning microscopies. 

The lUPAC Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry continues its work, which is effectively open-ended. Guidance in the use of lUPAC rules (38) as well as explanations of their formulation (39) are available. A second volume on nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is in preparation it will be devoted to specialized areas. Some of the contents have had preliminary pubHcation in the journal Pure andJipplied Chemist, eg, "Names and Symbols of Transfermium Elements" in 1944. 

It is now known that the view of electrons in individual well-defined quantum states represents an approximation. The new quantum mechanics formulated in 1926 shows unambiguously that this model is strictly incorrect. The field of chemistry continues to adhere to the model, however. Pauli s scheme and the view that each electron is in a stationary state are the basis of the current approach to chemistry teaching and the electronic account of the periodic table. The fact that Pauli unwittingly contributed to the retention of the orbital model, albeit in modified form, is somewhat paradoxical in view of his frequent criticism of the older Bohr orbits model. For example Pauli writes,... 

Chemistry (Continued) polyimide, 287-300 polyurethane, 222-236, 546 transition metal coupling, 483-490 Chiral conjugated polymers, 479-480 Chlorinated solvents, 91 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 201, 205 Chloroformate endgroups, 87 Chloromethylation, 354 Church, A. Cameron, 431 Circular dichroism, 490 Classical catalysts, 433 Clean Air Act of 1990, 201, 205 Clearcoat, 240... 

Interesting developments in simple azetidine chemistry continue to be reported. The apparently general acetylative dealkylation of Af-tert-butyl-3-substituted azetidines 6 (R = Bu ) in the presence of boron trifluoride provides a two-step route to azabicyclobutane 7 from 6 (R = Bu, R = Cl). An aqueous solution of 7 reacts with ethyl chloroformate to give 8. Relatively unexplored 3-azetidinones 9 (R = Ac or NO2) are available from 3-acetoxya2Ktidine 6 (R = Ac, R = OAc) which is obtained by acetylative dealkyation of 6 (R = Bu , R = OAc) <96JOC5453>. 3-Substituted azetidines can be utilized in the synthesis of polyfunctional y- and S-aminophosphonic acid derivatives <95TL9201>. 

Medicinal chemistryisbothscienceandart. Thescienceof medicinal chemistry offers mankind one of its best hopes for improving the quality of life. The art of medicinal chemistry continues to challenge its practitioners with the need for both intuition and experience to discover new drugs. Hence sharing the experience of drug discovery is uniquely beneficial to the field of medicinal chemistry. 

Tryptamines I Have Known And Loved The Chemistry Continues. (Part 2)... 

Today, analytical chemistry is still a discipline within chemistry. Although characterized as an auxiliary science, analytical chemistry continues to develop and grow just as before. It is no detraction being characterized as an auxiliary discipline as mathematics shows. However, it is likely that efforts to make analytical chemistry a more independent science will be repeated in the future from time to time. 

In summary, I hope that Volume 45 of Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry continues to be a key reference for your medicinal chemistry pursuits. As Editor-in-Chief, I continue to look for ways to optimize, improve, and evolve the series. Please do not hesitate to contact me with suggestions for improving the series [john.macor bms.com]. Thank you. 

In this paper we have presented evidence to show that it is quite feasible to determine the detailed course of reaction between a polymer and an additive. Further, the understanding of this reaction pathway provides insight into new additives and schemes for the identification of efficacious flame retardant additives. Finally, we have elucidated schemes for the cross-linking of PMMA and have shown that the schemes do provide a route for flame retardation. It is imperative to realize that the purpose of this work is not to directly develop new flame retardants, rather the purpose is to expose the chemistry that occurs when a polymer and an additive react. This exposition of chemistry continually provides a new starting point for further investigations. The more that pathways for polymeric reactions are determined the more information is available to design suitable additives to prevent degradation of polymers. 

The research field of ortho-carborane chemistry continues to expand rapidly mainly due to the commercial availability of ort/fo-carborane itself and the recent interest of these derivatives as agents for BNCT and other applications. Synthesis of these carboranes is still dominated by reactions of decaborane with various alkynes as shown in Table 19 (Figure 2). 3-Substituted derivatives are made by capping the /[Pg.71]

These "sorties" into polymer chemistry continue today with a greater number of academic institutions acting as nucleating agents around which series of short courses on related topics are offered. 

The history of chemistry continued to be a component of chemical studies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. At Manchester, the Final Honors Chemistry Examination for 1905 included sections of inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and the history of chemistry and chemical philosophy, each section three hours long.40... 

Electrolyte chemistries continue to be discovered and need to be carefully controlled, e.g., there is a need to track nitric acid molarity as well as total acid molarity in the catholyte to avoid silver deposition, and the deposition of lead dioxide on cell electrodes and in electrode cavities, which has required the development of a formic acid wash. 

Attempts to improve the sensitivity of PMMA through synthesis of analogs while preserving its attractive processing characteristics occupied resist chemists for several years during the early 70 s and research in the area of acrylate radiation chemistry continues to produce new results. The first electron beam resist used in device manufacturing can be considered to... 

In addition to his extensive freelance work on psychedelic compounds, Shulgin has also served as a member of the faculty at San Francisco State University and the University of California at Berkeley. He is perhaps best known to the general public as the author, with his wife Ann, of two books on psychedelic drugs, PiHKAL Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved A Chemical Love Story), and TiHKAL [Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved The Chemistry Continues). The two books provide not only a fascinating autobiographical sketch of the authors lives and works but a detailed introduction to the chemical synthesis, characterization, and properties of the chemicals belonging to major psychedelicfamilies, the phenylethylamines and the tryptamines. 

The selected examples shown above, together with numerous others, represent an extension of the vast amount of information regarding chiral Ca-symmetric bis(oxazolines) and their uses in asymmetric transformations. The utility and importance of this chemistry continues to be demonstrated as more applications for these complexes are discovered. 

The problems addressed by inorganic chemistry continue to be challenges well into the twenty-first century. For example, coordination chemistry will continue to provide compounds with unusual properties and uses, and will become an increasingly important component in bioinorganic chemistry. Organometallic chemistry will continue as one of the most active areas of catalysis research, especially in the chemical, energy, pharmaceuticals, and pollution control industries. New methods to meet the needs of the production of inorganic chemicals will involve environmental friendly synthesis (Navratil, 1998). 

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