Chemical sarin

A preliminary review of the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) suggests that mortality was not significantly increased by exposure Co antl-ChE chemicals, as tested at Edgewood (Table 4). Whether one looks at subjects exposed to sarin only or sarin plus another chemical (sarin total), VX only or VX plus another chemical (VX total), anci-ChE only or antl-QiE plus another chemical, the SMRs are roughly 80% (or less) of the races expected for the U.S. population as a whole. This presumably reflects the fact that chose who enter the military service do not have chronic diseases These findings provide a first approximation of mortality and were intended to reveal trends A more thorough evaluation of mortality findings is contained in Chapter 4. 

This is an example of a terrorist attack by use of a chemical (sarin nerve t ent) weapon sent through the mail. The security personnel were correct in shutting down the ventilation system of the building to limit spread of the ent, but they were contaminated as they rescued the... 

Discovered in the late 1930s in Germany as improved poisonous insecticides, organophosphorus ChEIs were developed as chemical warfare agents (e.g. sarin, soman, and tabun) and were more recently employed in the 1995 terrorist attack in the Tokyo subway system [5]. 

Chemical warfare agents, such as soman and sarin, sometimes termed nerve gases, are powerful anticholinesterases, which bear some resemblance in structure and properties, to the OP insecticides. A major difference from most insecticides is their high volatility. These agents were possessed by the major powers during World War II, althongh they were never employed in warfare. 

Krishnaswami S, Sarin MM, Somayajulu BLK (1981) Chemical and radiochemical investigations of surface and deep particles of the In an Ocean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 54 81-96 Kroirfeld J, Vogel JC (1991) Uranium Isotopes in surface waters from southern Africa. Earth Planet Sci Lett 105 191-195... 

Most chemical agents are essentially cumulative in their effects. The reason is that the human body detoxifies them very slowly or not at all. For example, a 1-h exposure to HD or CG followed within a few hours by another 1-h exposure has about the same effect as a single 2-h exposure. Continued exposure to low concentrations of HD may cause sensitivity to very low concentrations of HD. Other chemical agents also have cumulative effects. For example, an initial exposure to a small (less than lethal) amount of Sarin (GB) would decrease cholinesterase levels a second quantity less than the FDS0... 

Fast-acting chemical agents Sarin Convulsions, paralysis Seconds... 

The interplay between the chemical and biological properties of the threat agent, on the one hand, and the specific attack scenario, on the other, can influence the lethality of the attack. Table 2-2 shows the relative respiratory toxicities (expressed as the lethal concentration of toxin at which 50 percent of test animals are killed, or LCT50, in milligrams per minute per cubic meter) of a variety of toxic gases compared with chlorine gas, which was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. According to Table 2-2, the nerve agent sarin (GB) has a respiratory toxicity approximately 100 times that of chlorine, while sulfur mustard (HD) is about 7 times more toxic. However, the lethality of an attack... 

Diisopropyl methylphosphonate, or DIMP, is a chemical by-product resulting from the manufacture and detoxification of GB (also called Sarin), a nerve gas that the Army produced... 

Production, Import/Export, Use, Release, and Disposal. The risk for exposure of the general population to substantial levels of diisopropyl methylphosphonate is quite low. GB (Sarin) and diisopropyl methylphosphonate have not been produced in the United States since 1957, and there is no indication that U.S. production of these chemicals will resume (EPA 1989). No information exists regarding the import or export of diisopropyl methylphosphonate. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate has no known commercial uses, but has been used by the military as a simulant for chemical warfare agents (Van Voris et al. 1987). 

Although the inhibition-based biosensors are sensitive, they are poor in selectivity and are rather slow and tedious since the analysis involves multiple steps of reaction such as measuring initial enzyme activity, incubation with inhibitor, measurement of residual activity, and regeneration and washing. Biosensors based on direct pesticide hydrolysis are more straightforward. The OPH hydrolyzes ester in a number of organophospho-rus pesticides (OPPs) and insecticides (e.g. paraoxon, parathion, coumaphos, diazinon) and chemical warfare agents (e.g. sarin) [53], For example, OP parathion hydrolyzes by the OPH to form p-nitrophenol, which can be measured by anodic oxidation. Rainina... 

Dalai TK, Krishnaswami S, Sarin MM (2002) Major ion chemistry in the headwaters of the Yamuna river system chemical weathering, its temperature dependence and C02 consumption in the Himalaya. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66(19) 3397-3416... 

There are seven sites in the United States where U.S. Unitary Chemical Stockpile exists. Below they are listed by chemical weapon as follows GB, sarin H, mustard HD, mustard HT, mustard VX, persistent nerve agent GA, tabun L, lewisite TGA, thickened tabun TGB, thickened sarin. 

Guides for Emergency Response Chemical Agent or Weapon Nerve Agent Sarin (GB)... 

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