Sarin chemical structure

Cohen, E.M., P.J. Christen, and E. Mobach. 1971. The Inactivation of Oximes of Sarin and Soman in Plasma from Various Species. I. The Influence of Diacetylmonoxime on the Hydrolysis of Sarin. Pp. 113-131 in Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen, Series C, Biological and Medical Sciences, Vol. 74. J.A. Cohen Memorial issue. Amsterdam North-Holland. Davies, D.R., P. Holland, and M.J. Rumens. 1960. The relationship between the chemical structure and neurotoxicity of alkyl organophosphorus compounds. Br. J. Pharmacol. 15 271-278... 

FIGURE 19.1 Chemical structures of nerve agents the nerve agents sarin (GB), soman (GD), and cyclosarin (GF) lose fluorine subsequent to binding to cholinesterase. The agents tabun (GA), VX, and Russian VX lose CN, and the thiol groups, respectively. 

N,N-diisopropyl amino ethyl methylphosphonothiolate) that was much more potent than sarin. The chemical structures of OP nerve agents are depicted in Figure 3.1. 

The general formula and chemical structures of most OP compounds discussed in this chapter are shown in Table 1 of Chapter 2, The nerve agents tabun, sarin, and soman were the most potent compounds in the class, causing lethality to animals in the submilligram range. Their chemical structures are. shown in Fig. I. 

DFP is a highly toxic organophosphate. Its chemical structure is similar to that of sarin and soman. It is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, and its toxic actions are lower but similar to those of sarin and soman. Snbcutaneous administration of 1.5 mg/kg... 

Agent GB (sarin isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate, CAS no. 107-44-8) is a clear to straw-colored or amber liquid with a molecular weight of 140.1 (DA 1974 MacNaughton and Brewer 1994). Its chemical structure is... 

Figure 13.6 Chemical structures of (a) nerve agent Sarin (GB) and (b) blister agent Mustard (HD).

In 1938, the chemical structure of sarin nerve gas was discovered by the Germans, followed by the discovery... 

Bicyclic phosphates have been used as flame retardants, antioxidants, stabilizers, and for spectroscopic studies. At present, however, they are being replaced by other compounds that are not so highly toxic. In a chemical structure (Figure 26.1), when R is substituted by isopropyl, the toxicity is very close to that of sarin (LD50 = 0.18mg/kg, i.m. in rats). Bicyclic phosphates act rapidly— within minutes following parenteral administration. Clinical S5unp-toms include behavioral perturbation, muscle weakness. 

FIGURE 62.8 The chemical structure of 4-aminophenyl acetate. FIGURE 62.9 The chemical structures of VX and sarin. 

Chemical warfare agents, such as soman and sarin, sometimes termed nerve gases, are powerful anticholinesterases, which bear some resemblance in structure and properties, to the OP insecticides. A major difference from most insecticides is their high volatility. These agents were possessed by the major powers during World War II, althongh they were never employed in warfare. 

Figure 1 Structures of chemical warfare agents (sarin and soman), simulants (dimethyl methylphosphonate and diisoproyl fluorophosphate), and pesticides (paratliion and diazinon).

Also the reaction pathways of Sarin decomposition catalyzed by selected forms of MgO were investigated [38]. In the case of the decomposition on the nonhydroxylated MgO surface, the removal of fluorine from Sarin was modeled. Fluorine was transferred from Sarin into binding distance with the Mg atom of the MgO surface (Fig. 13.9). It was revealed that such a structure provides a reliable model for the reaction mechanism. A two-step reaction mechanism was assumed. In the first step, Sarin creates a stable adsorbed complex with MgO through three chemical bonds with the MgO surface (the Al-GB model). It is expected that the transfer of the fluorine atom to the surface of MgO is accompanied by a change in the conformation of Sarin. In the second step, the bond between P and F is broken (the Al(t)-GB model) the fluorine atom is transferred to the Mg atom of the surface and the remaining part of Sarin adopts the most energetically favorable conformation (the Al(f)-GB model). 

CWAs are represented by any one of a number of chemicals exhibiting a very high toxicity by various mechanisms. The present Handbook exhibits CWAs with structures as simple as carbon monoxide (CO) and as complex as botulinum toxin or ricin proteins. While this chapter could address the development of PBPK models of CWAs in general, the focus will primarily be on the organophosphate (OP)-based nerve agents typically represented by sarin (GB - isopropyl methylfluoro-phosphonate). 

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