Chemical Process Industries, definition

The definition of the chemical processing industries (CPI) used in this table is the one used by Data Resources and Chemical Engineering in compiling their statistics on these industries. For several of the industries listed, only a part is considered to be in the CPI and data are presented for this part only. A list of the Standard Industrial Classification codes used to define the CPI for this table is given in Appendix C. 

Having set the fundamental definitions in the field of safety research, this Section discusses how the determination of safety indicators developed over time, and why it is still possible for accidents to happen in the chemical process industry. 

The number of Sis, present in today s chemical process industry is overwhelming as discussed by Tixier (Tixier et al., 2002). These indicators are categorized in several ways in literature, for example pro-active versus reactive indicators. Many of these categories are not unambiguous. Some authors, like Kletz (Kletz, 1998) define proactive as prior to the operational phase of an installation while other authors, like Rasmussen et al. (Rasmussen et al., 2000), define pro-active as prior to an accident. In this thesis two categories of indicators are used, i.e. pro-active and reactive indicators. Here the definition of Rasmussen (Rasmussen et al., 2000) is adopted, who defined pro-active indicators as indicators before an accident and reactive indicators as indicators after an accident. Moreover, the pro-active indicators are divided into predictive and monitoring indicators. The monitoring indicators use actual events as a measure for the likelihood, while the predictive indicators predict the likelihood. 

Ebnesajjad, S. and Khaladkar, P. R., Fluoropolymer Applications in Chemical Processing Industries, The Definitive User s Guide and Databook, Plastics Design Library, William Andrew Publishing, Norwich, NY, 2005. 

Fluoropolymers applications in chemical processing industries the definitive user s guide and databook / Sina Ebnesajjad and Pradip R. 

Over 70 per cent of the total electric power used in the chemical process industries is consumed by motor-driven machinery. It is particularly desirable for the process engineer to have a clear picture of the application of electric motors and controls because their characteristics have a very definite effect on the proper functioning of the associated process equipment. 

Relative safety in chemical process industry Table 2. Different definitions of risk . 

Census definition of the chemical industry during the past century from as few as seven constituent industries in 1899, the chemicals and allied products group has expanded to include the present 28 classes of chemical companies (see Appendix B.2). The importance of the group is suggested by its role as employer since 1950 more than half the chemists in the chemical process industries have been concentrated in chemicals and allied products . 

Needless to say, the heterogeneity and shifting definitions of the chemicals and allied products industry require the analyst to adopt a cautious stance when interpreting the data. In what follows, we shall look at enduring trends and short-run variations in major aspects of the chemical industry defined in this way, comparing the industry s position in the domestic economy with that of the larger aggregate of chemical process industries where appropriate. 

Table B.l enumerates those industries included in our definition of chemical process industries, according to SIC codes. Table B.2 provides a detailed breakdown of the 28 classes of chemical producers included in SIC Major Group 28, Chemicals and Allied Products. The SIC defines this industrial group to include ...

These applications clearly illustrate the tremendous potential of PI in chemical process industry. An attempt is made in this chapter to present an engineering perspective of PI with special attention towards catalytic processes. The next section presents the commonly reported definitions and principles of PI, followed by some of the classifications for PI from various standpoints, while the subsequent three sections present details on multifunctional operations, novel devices and alternate PI configurations. The last section discusses modeling and other issues. 

Facilitate pre-vulcanisation processing, increase softness, extensibility and flexibility of the vulcanised end-product. The rubber processing industry consumes large quantities of materials which have a plasticising function complex mixtures (paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic) of mineral hydrocarbon additives, used with the large tonnage natural and synthetic hydrocarbon rubbers, are termed process oils. Because of the complexity of these products, precise chemical definition is usually not attempted. If the inclusion of an oil results in cost reduction it is functioning as an extender. The term plasticiser is commonly reserved for synthetic liquids used with the polar synthetic rubber. 

CSB searched over 40 data sources for incidents that met its definition of a reactive incident (Section 2.1). The data search focused on recent incidents (since 1980) where the primary cause was related to chemical reactivity however, the 1980 cutoff is not intended to diminish the important lessons learned from prior incidents. The search covered both chemical manufacturing (i.e., raw material storage, chemical processing, and product storage) and other industrial activities involving bulk chemicals, such as... 

In parallel with these definitions and equations and their solutions, we wiU describe in this chapter some examples of important processes in the chemical engineering industry. This material wiU initially be completely disconnected fiom the equations, but eventually (by Chapter 12) we hope students will be able to relate the complexities of industrial practice to the simplicity of these basic equations. 

---