Chemical pollution in air

Patnaik, P. Handbook of Environmental Analysis. Chemical Pollutants in Air, Water, Soil, and Soil Wastes, Lewis Publishers, New Yoik, NY, 1997 Patnaik, P.. Dean s Analytical Chemistry Handbook, 2nd Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, NY. 2004. 

Chemical Pollutants in Air, Water, Soil, and Solid Wastes... 

Handbook of environmental analysis chemical pollutants in air, water, soil, and soild wastes / Pradyot Patnaik. 

P. Patnaik, Handbook of Environmental Analysis. Chemical Pollutants in Air, Water and Soil and Soil Wastes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997. 

Patnaik, P. 2010. Handbook of Environmental Analysis Chemical Pollutants in Air, Water, Soil, and Solid Wastes, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. The handbook provides thorough treatment of the analysis of toxic pollutants in the environment, addressing ambient air, groundwater, surface water, industrial wastewater, and soils and sediments. 

Environmental Pollution (0269-7491) (1873-6424). This is an international journal that addresses issues relevant to the nature, distribution, and ecological effects of all types and forms of chemical pollutants in air, soil, and water. It includes articles based on original research, findings from reexamination and interpretation of existing data, and articles on new methods of detection and remediation of environmental pollutants. 

Nicoara S, Culea M, Palibroda N, et al. 1994. Volatile organic chemical pollutants in laboratory indoor air. Indoor Environ 3 83-86. 

Meanwhile, these chemicals—like chemical agents encountered at work or in hobbies or as pollutants in air, water, soil, or food—can also cause harm. Sometimes the known mechanisms of action permit us to predict the nature of toxicity to be expected. A meta-analysis of prospective studies from U.S. hospitals indicates that 6.7% of in-patients have serious adverse drug reactions 0.3% have fatal reactions (Lazarou et al., 1998). In fact, estimates of 40,000 to 100,000 deaths per year attributed to errors in medical care, primarily due to adverse reactions to pharmaceuticals, make this phenomenon a major cause of death in the United States (Meyer, 2000). A tremendous... 

Hoffert, M. I. Atmospheric transport, dispersion, and chemical reactions in air pollution A review. Amer. InstH. Aeronaut. Astronaut. J. 10 377-387, 1972. 

Larsen, J.C. and P.B. Larsen. 1998. Chemical carcinogens. In Air Pollution and Health (Hester, R.E., and Harrison, R.M., eds.). Issues in Environmental Sciences and Technology, 10, The Royal Society of Chemical, Cambridge. 

A number of species have been designated hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) or toxic air contaminants (TACs). Most are directly emitted into the air, but some also have significant secondary sources, i.e., are formed by chemical reactions in air. Furthermore, the ultimate health impacts are determined not only by the emissions and formation of such compounds in air but also by their atmospheric fates. In short, some pollutants react in air to form less toxic species, whereas others form more toxic compounds. Thus, scientific risk assessments of these pollutants require an accurate and complete understanding of their atmospheric chemistry. Some specific examples are discussed in this chapter. 

This book presents a brief discussion on the analytical techniques and the methods of determination of chemical pollutants in aqueous, solid, and air samples at trace concentrations. 

Figure 5.2 Air concentrations (pg/m ) of a-HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), y-HCH, endo-sulfans (sum ofendo I, endo II andendosulfan sulfate) and chlordanes (sum of trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, and trans-nonachlor) between December 2004 and March 2005 at GAPS sites around the world. (Reproduced with permission from Environmental Science and Technology, Toward a Global Network for Persistent Organic Pollutants in Air Results from the GAPS Study, by Karia Pozo, Tom Harner et a ., 40(16), 4867-4873. Copyright (2006) American Chemical Society)...

The cardiovascular toxicity of the chemicals contained in air pollutants is enhanced by the presence of free radicals in PM 2.5 particles. Electron... 

I look at many possible causes of fetal damage in this book, but give particular emphasis to man-made environmental toxins, be they chemical pollutants in our air, water, and land, or substances in the consumer marketplace, legal and otherwise. The effects of these toxins are often connected to more than one type of fetal damage. Prenatal exposure to lead, for example, is connected to postnatal occurrences of lower IQ, ADHD, and schizophrenia, usually in different individuals. Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke, as another example, is connected to a host of effects with adverse postnatal consequences as well. The effects of both sorts of toxins can also be related to other fetal impacts, which in turn are often connected to important social... 

At present, the environmental programs are one of the most important national policies in China the Government pays signiHcant attention to these programs which are related to potentially hazardous environmental factors. These include chemical and physical factors (eg, noise, radiofrequency, microwaves, infrared radiation, etc., and biological pollutants in air, water and soil. 

Hoffmann, D. and E.L. Wynder Chemical analysis and carcinogenic bioassays of organic particulate pollutants in Air pollution, Vol. 2, 2nd Edition, edited by A.C. Stem, Academic Press, New York, NY (1968) 187-247. Hoffmann, D. and E.L. Wynder A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. XL Tumor initiators, tumor accelerators, and tumor promoting activity of condensate fractions Cancer 27 (1971) 848-864. 

For photocatalytic conversion of model pollutants in air (refer to section 2.10.5), model pollutants such as iso-propanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde are recommended to be used. Acetone and iso-propanol injections of 40, 50, and 60/xl of the liquid pollutant can be employed in the 14.7 L Photo-CREC-Air reactor. For acetaldehyde 30,40, and 50 /xl liquid injections can be used to get the desired initial pollutant concentrations. A gas chromatograph (HP 5890) equipped with a HP-3393A integrator, a TCD and aPoropak Q packed column are adequate to identify and quantify chemical species, including product intermediates and carbon dioxide. Examples of this type of photocatalytic experiments for the photoconversion of model pollutants in air are provided in Chapter VIII. 

Melke D. 1987. Measuring chemical pollutants in the air at the work site of watchmakers.] Z Gesamte Hyg 33 640-641. (German)... 

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